ABSTRACT

The ‘weaponisation’ of artificial intelligence and robotics, especially their convergence in autonomous weapons systems (AWS), is a matter of international concern. Debates on AWS have revolved around (i) the identification of hallmarks of AWS with respect to other weapons; (ii) what it is that makes AWS destructive force especially troublesome from a normative standpoint; and (iii) steps the international community can take to allay these concerns. Of particular concern is the need to preserve the ‘human element’ in the use of force. A differentiated approach to this latter issue, which is also principled and prudential, may pave the way to a legally binding instrument to regulate AWS by establishing meaningful human control over all weapons systems.

摘要

人工智能和机器人技术的“武器化”，特别是它们在自动武器系统（AWS）中的融合，是国际关注的问题。关于AWS的争论围绕（i）确定AWS相对于其他武器的标志；（ii）从规范的角度来看，使AWS破坏力特别麻烦的是什么；（iii）国际社会可以采取的措施来减轻这些担忧。特别令人关注的是在使用武力时必须保留“人的因素”。对后一个问题采取不同的方法，这在原则上也是审慎的，它可以通过对所有武器系统建立有意义的人为控制，为建立具有法律约束力的工具来规范AWS铺平道路。