ABSTRACT

Even at the height of the Cold War, Washington and Moscow found ways to cooperate on nuclear issues. But what brought the two rivals to the negotiating table in the first place? History points to Graduated Reciprocation in Tension-reduction (GRIT), an approach employed by President John F. Kennedy and, later, George H. W. Bush to cut through enemy images and move arms control forward. Today, GRIT could offer a path out of the US-Russia security dilemma towards renewed nuclear engagement. GRIT’s emphasis on self-restraint aligns with cuts to military budgets that will follow from the pandemic. Its use of unilateral, reciprocal steps, meanwhile, could open doors to asymmetric and multilateral arms control modalities.

摘要

即使在冷战的高峰期，华盛顿和莫斯科也找到了在核问题上进行合作的方法。但是，是什么首先将两个竞争对手带到了谈判桌呢？历史指向降低张力的往复运动（GRIT），这是总统约翰·肯尼迪（John F. Kennedy）和后来的乔治·HW·布什（George HW Bush）所采用的一种削减敌人形象并推动军备控制的方法。如今，GRIT可以为美俄重新陷入安全交战提供一条摆脱美俄安全困境的道路。GRIT对自我节制的强调与大流行之后削减军费预算相吻合。同时，它采用单方面，互惠步骤可能会为不对称和多边军备控制方式打开大门。