ABSTRACT

As the Christian population increased in the Frankish Kingdom following 1100, there was also a much-increased demand for wine. This led to a revolution in agriculture and industry related to wine production. The high number of texts mentioning vineyards is indicative of these activities. To date only 26 wine-presses identified as belonging to the Frankish period have been discovered, but they provide considerable information about the building technology, and the nature of wine production. The new discovery in Miʿilyā provides critical information about this industry; it points to a kind of monopoly on wine production during the Frankish period, but it also provided great deal of information about the production technology. The fermentation in the local Levantine technology took place under the sun, with low proportion of CO₂, in a non-controlled environment, while the Franks brought with them a different technology, in which the fermentation took place inside buildings, in a quite controlled environment with high levels of CO₂. In addition, it seems likely that in Miʿilyā’s factory, the fermentation place and storage were in an underground large room. This style, which is suitable to rainy regions, seems to have been introduced to the Levant during the Frankish period.

摘要

随着 1100 年后法兰克王国基督徒人口的增加，对葡萄酒的需求也大大增加。这导致了与葡萄酒生产相关的农业和工业革命。大量提及葡萄园的文本表明了这些活动。迄今为止，仅发现了 26 台属于法兰克时期的压酒机，但它们提供了有关建筑技术和葡萄酒生产性质的大量信息。Miʿilyā 的新发现提供了有关该行业的重要信息；它指出了法兰克时期对葡萄酒生产的一种垄断，但也提供了大量有关生产技术的信息。当地黎凡特技术在阳光下发酵，CO 比例低₂，在一个不受控制的环境中，而 Franks 带来了一种不同的技术，其中发酵发生在建筑物内，在一个相当受控制的环境中，具有高水平的 CO ₂。另外，在米伊莉亚的工厂里，发酵场所和储藏室似乎都在地下的大房间里。这种适合多雨地区的风格似乎是在法兰克时期传入黎凡特的。