ABSTRACT

When cities in the global north are considered environmental sustainable, this largely depends on how one measures emissions and understands space. Production-based and consumption-based approaches are two different ways of measuring emissions, but they are not simply measuring techniques: they relate also to different interests, they hide and reveal power relations, and they come with very different spatial implications. In this paper, we examine the Swedish city of Malmö, and the city district of Western Harbour in particular, which is often considered an environmental ‘role model’. We argue that this reputation depends precisely upon how we understand space and measure emissions. We argue that so-called sustainable cities and city districts in the global north can only be considered environmental role models if one chose to ignore the fact that they completely depend upon emissions being emitted elsewhere, and ignore any relation between affluence and emissions.

摘要

当地球北部的城市被认为是环境可持续的，这在很大程度上取决于人们如何衡量排放和理解空间。基于生产和基于消费的方法是衡量排放量的两种不同方式，但它们不仅仅是衡量技术：它们还涉及不同的利益，它们隐藏和揭示了权力关系，并且它们具有非常不同的空间含义。在本文中，我们考察了瑞典城市马尔默，特别是西港城区，这里通常被视为环境“榜样”。我们认为，这种声誉恰恰取决于我们如何理解空间和测量排放。