ABSTRACT

Voting and decision making in FIFA was in 2011 shifted from the executive committee to the FIFA congress with the aim to reduce risk of corrupt vote mobilisation in these elections. A key rationale behind this decision was that it would not be financially feasible to bribe a majority of the congress. However, the network structure with asymmetries of influence can still be susceptible to corruption. The aim of this study is therefore to analyse the potential susceptibility of the organisation structure to a grand vote-rigging corruption scheme of FIFA World Cup host elections by means of a social network analysis approach. Based on a theoretical notion of vote mobilisation and inter-organisational networks, the organisational structure is evaluated to identify potential susceptibility to corruption. Two possible regimes were analysed, the centrally controlled and horizontally controlled, based on structural cohesion, embeddedness, network centralisation and correlation between actor centrality distributions. Findings do not suggest a susceptibility to a centrally controlled, but to a horizontally controlled vote-rigging corruption scheme. After the social network analysis was conducted, the holders of five out of eleven of the identified vulnerable positions in the network have been charged with allegations of corruption. This is a strong indicator of the validity of the method to assess the structural susceptibility to corruption.

摘要

2011年，国际足联的投票和决策权从执行委员会转移到了国际足联代表大会，目的是减少在这些选举中动员腐败投票的风险。该决定背后的一个重要理由是，贿赂国会的大多数在财务上是不可行的。但是，具有不对称影响的网络结构仍然容易受到破坏。因此，本研究的目的是通过社交网络分析方法来分析组织结构对FIFA世界杯东道主选举的大规模操纵贿赂腐败计划的敏感性。基于投票动员和组织间网络的理论概念，对组织结构进行评估，以确定潜在的腐败易感性。分析了两种可能的情况，基于结构的凝聚力，嵌入性，网络集中性和参与者中心性分布之间的相关性，进行集中控制和水平控制。研究结果并不表明对中央控制的敏感性，而对水平控制的操纵选举的腐败方案则很敏感。在进行了社交网络分析之后，网络中已确定的11个脆弱职位中有5个的持有人被指控犯有腐败指控。这是评估该方法对腐败的结构敏感性的有效性的有力指标。但是要实行水平控制的操纵选举腐败的计划。在进行了社交网络分析之后，网络中已确定的11个脆弱职位中有5个的持有人被指控犯有腐败指控。这是评估该方法对腐败的结构敏感性的有效性的有力指标。但要实行水平控制的操纵选举腐败的计划。在进行了社交网络分析之后，网络中已确定的11个脆弱职位中有5个的持有人被指控犯有腐败指控。这是评估该方法对腐败的结构敏感性的有效性的有力指标。