ABSTRACT

Our research analyzes French public policies concerning girls’ access to sport through educational measures. It is based on the study of official texts and institutional reports published since 1945. They are seen as being indicators of the policy frameworks defined by the French State and guiding educators’ action. Insofar as school has a socialisation role and contributes to the construction of stereotypes from a very young age, it appears essential to understand the practice possibilities offered there. It is thus a question of identifying the possibilities offered to girls and the representations associated with them, as well as the political, ideological and social foundations determining the directions taken. The historical approach was chosen to apprehend the processes that structured policy action and identify the changes over the long term. Justifying a policy of segregation, the naturalisation of the physical and moral qualities attributed to girls was followed by a universalist perspective adopted, from the 1980s onwards, as the condition for democratised access to the practice of sport. Failure to consider the social gender-related division of sports practices, constituting an obstacle to the construction of equality, gave way to reflection on the diffusion of stereotypes. This reflection achieved consensus in relation to policy ambitions at the beginning of the 2000s without, however, managing to detach itself from a naturalisation of the tastes and aptitudes of each sex.

摘要

我们的研究分析了法国关于女孩通过教育措施参与体育运动的公共政策。它基于对 1945 年以来出版的官方文本和机构报告的研究。它们被视为法国政府定义的政策框架的指标，并指导教育工作者的行动。就学校具有社会化作用并从很小的时候就有助于建立刻板印象而言，了解那里提供的实践可能性似乎至关重要。因此，这是一个确定为女孩提供的可能性和与她们相关的代表，以及决定所采取的方向的政治、意识形态和社会基础的问题。选择历史方法来理解构建政策行动的过程并确定长期的变化。从 1980 年代起，将女孩的身体和道德品质自然化作为种族隔离政策的理由，随后采用了普遍主义的观点，作为参与体育运动的民主化条件。未能考虑体育实践中与社会性别相关的划分，构成了平等建设的障碍，让位于对刻板印象传播的反思。这种反思在 2000 年代初就政策野心达成了共识，但并没有设法摆脱每个性别的品味和才能的归化。女孩的身体和道德品质自然化之后，从 1980 年代开始就采用了普遍主义的观点，作为参与体育运动的民主化条件。未能考虑体育实践中与社会性别相关的划分，构成了平等建设的障碍，让位于对刻板印象传播的反思。这种反思在 2000 年代初就政策野心达成了共识，但并没有设法摆脱每个性别的品味和才能的归化。女孩的身体和道德品质自然化之后，从 1980 年代开始就采用了普遍主义的观点，作为参与体育运动的民主化条件。未能考虑体育实践中与社会性别相关的划分，构成了平等建设的障碍，让位于对刻板印象传播的反思。这种反思在 2000 年代初就政策野心达成了共识，但并没有设法摆脱每个性别的品味和才能的归化。未能考虑体育实践中与社会性别相关的划分，构成了平等建设的障碍，让位于对刻板印象传播的反思。这种反思在 2000 年代初就政策野心达成了共识，但并没有设法摆脱每个性别的品味和才能的归化。未能考虑体育实践中与社会性别相关的划分，构成了平等建设的障碍，让位于对刻板印象传播的反思。这种反思在 2000 年代初就政策野心达成了共识，但并没有设法摆脱每个性别的品味和才能的归化。