Abstract

As societies become more diverse, especially with inflows of immigrants, some research finds lowered social trust as an inclusive integration eludes countries, cities, and neighborhoods. But previous research finds this diversity–trust link to be highly variable across studies and in particular across geographic scales. One under-studied scale is that of cities, even though trust is essential to facilitating intergroup contact and because cities are characterized by spatial segregation along ethnic lines. We analyze a survey of approximately 27,000 urban Europeans from 63 cities in 25 countries to assess how ethnic diversity (conceptualized as non-EU immigrants) in cities and countries affects trust of neighbors and city residents. Our multilevel model findings show that a greater percentage of non-EU immigrants in a city (but not a country) is related to less trust on both measures and that the effect size is larger for trust of city dwellers than trust of neighbors. We find that the city population, however, is a critical moderator. In more populous cities, a greater percentage of non-EU immigrants is linked to more trust, but in less populous cities more immigrants are linked to less trust. We conclude by focusing on how cities are important sites of social trust.

摘要

随着社会变得越来越多样化，尤其是随着移民的涌入，一些研究发现，由于包容性融合使国家，城市和社区无法实现，因此社会信任度降低。但是以前的研究发现，这种多样性-信任关系在各个研究中，尤其是在地理范围内，变化很大。尽管信任对于促进群体间的交流至关重要，并且因为城市具有沿种族界限的空间隔离的特征，但人们对城市规模的研究仍被忽视。我们分析了来自25个国家/地区的63个城市的大约27,000名欧洲城市居民的调查，以评估城市和国家中的种族多样性（概念上是非欧盟移民）如何影响邻居和城市居民的信任。我们的多层次模型研究结果表明，城市（而非国家/地区）中非欧盟移民的比例较高与这两种措施的信任度较低相关，并且城市居民的信任程度大于邻居的信任程度。但是，我们发现城市人口是关键的主持人。在人口众多的城市中，更多非欧盟移民与更多信任相关，而在人口较少的城市中，更多的移民与信任较低相关。最后，我们将重点放在城市如何成为社会信任的重要场所上。但是在人口较少的城市，更多的移民与信任度降低相关。最后，我们将重点放在城市如何成为社会信任的重要场所上。但是在人口较少的城市，更多的移民与信任度降低相关。最后，我们将重点放在城市如何成为社会信任的重要场所上。