Abstract This introductory article describes how modern financialized capitalist economies of the 21st Century, which adopted the neoliberal creed over the last half-century, have been facing increasing vulnerabilities whose acceptance of this policy system has made them progressively susceptible to crises, of which the COVID-19 pandemic will not be the last. Government actions, especially on the fiscal side, have led to an unprecedented evolution of key macroeconomic variables which have stood on its head the neoliberal logic. Given the requirements to protect our societies from the Coronavirus through programmed cuts in both employment and consumption spending, particularly during the severe lockdowns, government actions have not only starved modern credit-driven financialized economies of their key fuel but have, in many ways, further magnified the income and wealth inequalities that characterize our 21st Century dual economies. The challenge will be how to break away from the neoliberal discourse that wants a return to the austerity policy box and to focuses, instead, on much-needed public investments with an eye to the future that will build public capacity so that modern societies become less vulnerable to future crises.

中文翻译：

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我们从 COVID-19 危机中学到了什么？后冠状病毒世界的国内和国际维度和政策选择：介绍

摘要 这篇介绍性文章描述了在过去半个世纪采用新自由主义信条的 21 世纪现代金融化资本主义经济体如何面临越来越多的脆弱性，这些脆弱性对这种政策体系的接受使它们逐渐容易受到危机的影响，其中 COVID -19 大流行不会是最后一次。政府的行动，特别是在财政方面的行动，导致了关键宏观经济变量的前所未有的演变，这些变量已经站在新自由主义逻辑的头上。鉴于通过有计划地削减就业和消费支出来保护我们的社会免受冠状病毒感染的要求，特别是在严重封锁期间，政府的行动不仅使现代信贷驱动的金融化经济体缺乏关键燃料，而且在许多方面，进一步放大了作为我们 21 世纪二元经济体特征的收入和财富不平等。挑战将是如何摆脱希望回归紧缩政策框框的新自由主义话语，转而专注于急需的公共投资，着眼于未来建设公共能力，从而使现代社会变得更少容易受到未来危机的影响。