ABSTRACT

This article aims to provide a more complete and dynamic account of the legal framework that underpins religious regulation in Central Asia from independence in 1991 through 2018, focusing on Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. In contrast to existing approaches that rely on a few key laws, high-profile events or secondary sources, our analysis includes the entire body of legal documents available in government digital legal data repositories. We find that although these three Central Asian states’ approach to religious regulation has become more repressive over time, they have done so at very different paces and to very different degrees. While they have all increasingly restricted religious belief and practice that falls outside state-approved interpretations of Islam, the turn towards criminalization was much quicker and more blatant in Uzbekistan than in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, and has been much more absolute in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan relative to Kyrgyzstan.

摘要

本文旨在为从1991年到2018年独立的中亚宗教监管提供法律基础的更完整和动态的说明，重点是吉尔吉斯斯坦，塔吉克斯坦和乌兹别克斯坦。与依赖于一些关键法律，引人注目的事件或次要来源的现有方法相反，我们的分析包括政府数字法律数据存储库中可用的全部法律文件。我们发现，尽管这三个中亚国家的宗教管理方法随着时间的推移变得越来越具有压制性，但它们的步调和程度却截然不同。尽管他们都越来越多地限制宗教信仰和实践，超出了国家认可的对伊斯兰的解释，