ABSTRACT

This article considers the foundation of four Orthodox monasteries and convents in Riga diocese in the late nineteenth century and how these conceptually and physically transformed diocesan space through borderland rhetoric and the creation of internal and external religious and social networks. Analyzing the foundation of these institutions, their demographic profiles, their role in social outreach, and their function as loci of Orthodox religiosity in the region, it is argued that the monasteries helped turn Riga diocese from a backwater of the Church into a borderland bastion of both the faith and Russian nationality, which was given impetus by dual (and often intersecting) processes of russification and eparchial institutionalization. Despite some achievements by 1914, the First World War effectively ended the roles of the monasteries in this process, as the imperial framework of both their rhetoric and their networks collapsed under the pressure of German invasion.

摘要

本文考虑了十九世纪末期里加教区的四个东正教修道院和修道院的基础，以及这些概念和物理如何通过边界修辞以及内部和外部宗教与社会网络的建立，从物理上改变了教区空间。分析这些机构的基础，人口概况，其在社会宣传中的作用以及作为该地区东正教宗教场所的功能，有人认为修道院有助于将里加主教区从教堂的死水变成了萨尔瓦多的边境堡垒。信仰和俄罗斯国籍都受到了俄罗斯化和封建制度化的双重（通常是相交）过程的推动。尽管到1914年取得了一些成就，