ABSTRACT

Old Dongola, the capital of the Makurian kingdom of medieval Nubia, remained a significant town after the collapse of Makuria throughout most of the Funj period between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries AD. After its incorporation into the sphere of influence of the Funj sultan residing in Sennar, Old Dongola’s prominence within the region persisted as an important political and socio-economic centre. Remains of houses from the Funj period have been excavated as part of work undertaken by the Polish Archaeological Mission to Old Dongola since 1964. Preliminary reports from excavations of the houses enable an archaeological analysis focused on the function of particular spaces within their walls. The identification of the houses’ installations and the distribution of artefacts, as well as the localisation of traces of several household tasks, lead to conclusions regarding the multifunctionality of space within them. The abundance of ethnographic records concerning modern Nubian settlements provides valuable sources for the interpretation of the organisation of space in functional, symbolic, gender and privacy-related terms. This paper therefore presents an interpretation of the organisation of space within houses of the Funj period in Old Dongola on the basis of the analysis of accessibility and ethnographic analogy.

摘要

老东格拉（Dongola）是中世纪努比亚（Nubia）马库里王国的首都，在公元16至19世纪的大部分Funj时期，马库里亚（Makuria）倒塌后，它仍然是一座重要的城镇。在融入居住在Sennar的Funj苏丹的势力范围后，老东格拉在该地区的突出地位仍然是重要的政治和社会经济中心。自1964年以来，波兰考古代表团对老东哥拉进行的工作就已经挖掘了Funj时期的房屋遗迹。房屋挖掘的初步报告使考古分析得以集中在其墙壁内特定空间的功能上。确定房屋的设施和人工制品的分布，以及确定一些家庭任务的痕迹，得出有关其中空间的多功能性的结论。关于现代努比亚定居点的大量人种志记录为功能，象征，性别和隐私相关术语的空间组织解释提供了宝贵的资料。因此，本文在对可及性和人种学类比的分析基础上，对老东哥拉Funj时期房屋内部的空间组织进行了解释。