Brazil is one of the largest pesticide consumers in the world. In the last few years, the use of permissive environmental laws and newly authorized pesticide formulations has been enlarged. Thus, the intensive and inadequate use of pesticides may present a risk to human health since these compounds may move between environmental compartments. Outdoor air samples were collected using low-volume samplers at Arapongas city in the state of Paraná, Brazil, between February and November of 2017. Polyurethane foam (PUF) cartridges were presented as a good choice to collect pesticides from atmospheric gas phase samples when compared to styrene-divinylbenzene (XAD-2). Lower limits of quantitation were obtained with PUF cartridges, which allowed a greater number of samples to be quantified in PUF than in XAD-2. Atrazine and trifluralin were quantified for the first time in Brazilian air samples. The levels of concentration ranged between 192–1731 pg m⁻³ (chlorpyrifos), 136–1345 pg m⁻³ (atrazine) and 184–1189 pg m⁻³ (trifluralin). Alachlor has been out of market in Brazil since 2013, and thus it was not detected in any gas phase sample. The highest daily inhalation exposure was observed in infants, 1 × 10⁻⁶ mg kg⁻¹ d⁻¹ for atrazine, chlorpyrifos and trifluralin. None of the analyzed pesticides were associated with a hazardous quotient (HQ) > 1, considering the worst-case scenario for infants, indicating that there is no risk associated with the exposed population. Cancer risk assessment for trifluralin resulted in values below 1 × 10⁻⁶, therefore not indicating any significant risk to human health.

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使用小体积采样和快速超声辅助提取对巴西南部空气样品中的农药进行定量和风险评估

巴西是世界上最大的农药消费国之一。在过去的几年中，允许的环境法律和新批准的农药配方的使用已经扩大。因此，农药的大量使用和不充分使用可能对人类健康构成威胁，因为这些化合物可能会在环境区域之间移动。2017年2月至11月之间，使用低容量采样器在巴西巴拉那州的Arapongas市采集了室外空气样本。与之相比，聚氨酯泡沫（PUF）滤芯是从大气气相样本中收集农药的理想选择到苯乙烯-二乙烯基苯（XAD-2）。使用PUF小柱可获得较低的定量限，与XAD-2相比，PUF定量的样品数量更多。首次在巴西空气样品中对阿特拉津和三氟拉林进行了定量。浓度水平在192–1731 pg m之间⁻³（毒死rif），136-1345 pg m ^-3（阿特拉津）和184-1189 pg m ^-3（三氟拉林）。自2013年以来，甲草胺已在巴西退出市场，因此在任何气相样品中均未检出。婴儿每日吸入量最高，阿特拉津，毒死rif和三氟拉林的每日吸入暴露量最高，为1×10 ^-6 mg kg ^-1 d ^-1。考虑到婴儿的最坏情况，所有分析过的农药都没有与危险商>（HQ）> 1相关的值，这表明暴露人群没有任何危险。三氟拉林的癌症风险评估得出的值低于1×10 ^-6，因此未表明对人类健康有任何重大风险。