Targeted therapy for the cancer immune system has become a clinical reality with remarkable success. Immune checkpoint blockade therapy and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) immunotherapy are clinically effective in a variety of cancers. However, the clinical utility of immunotherapy in cancer is limited by severe off-target toxicity, long processing time, limited efficacy, and extremely high cost. Bionanomaterials combined with these therapies address these issues by enhancing immune regulation, integrating the synergistic effects of different molecules, and, most importantly, targeting and manipulating immune cells within the tumor. In this review, we will summarize the most current researches on bionanomaterials for targeted regulation of tumor-associated macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, dendritic cells, T lymphocyte cells, and cancer-associated fibroblasts and summarize the prospects and challenges of cell-targeted therapy and clinical translational potential in a tumor immune microenvironment in cancer treatment.

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生物纳米材料在肿瘤免疫微环境治疗中的应用

癌症免疫系统的靶向治疗已成为临床现实，并取得了显着的成功。免疫检查点阻断疗法和嵌合抗原受体 T 细胞 (CAR-T) 免疫疗法在临床上对多种癌症有效。然而，免疫疗法在癌症中的临床效用受到严重的脱靶毒性、处理时间长、疗效有限和成本极高的限制。生物纳米材料与这些疗法相结合，通过增强免疫调节、整合不同分子的协同效应以及最重要的是靶向和操纵肿瘤内的免疫细胞来解决这些问题。在这篇综述中，我们将总结生物纳米材料靶向调控肿瘤相关巨噬细胞、髓源性抑制细胞、树突状细胞、T 淋巴细胞、