As NISQ devices have several physical limitations and unavoidable noisy quantum operations, only small circuits can be executed on a quantum machine to get reliable results. This leads to the quantum hardware under-utilization issue. Here, we address this problem and improve the quantum hardware throughput by proposing a multiprogramming approach to execute multiple quantum circuits on quantum hardware simultaneously. We first introduce a parallelism manager to select an appropriate number of circuits to be executed at the same time. Second, we present two different qubit partitioning algorithms to allocate reliable partitions to multiple circuits-a greedy and a heuristic. Third, we use the Simultaneous Randomized Benchmarking protocol to characterize the crosstalk properties and consider them in the qubit partition process to avoid crosstalk effect during simultaneous executions. Finally, we enhance the mapping transition algorithm to make circuits executable on hardware using decreased number of inserted gates. We demonstrate the performance of our multi-programming approach by executing circuits of different size on IBM quantum hardware simultaneously. We also investigate this method on VQE algorithm to reduce its overhead.

中文翻译：

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在NISQ时代为量子计算启用多重编程机制

由于NISQ设备具有一些物理限制和不可避免的嘈杂的量子操作，因此只能在量子计算机上执行小电路以获得可靠的结果。这导致量子硬件利用率不足的问题。在这里，我们通过提出一种多程序设计方法以同时在量子硬件上执行多个量子电路的方法来解决此问题并提高量子硬件的吞吐量。我们首先介绍一个并行度管理器，以选择适当数量的电路同时执行。其次，我们提出了两种不同的qubit分区算法，将可靠的分区分配给多个电路-贪婪算法和启发式算法。第三，我们使用同步随机基准测试协议来表征串扰属性，并在qubit分区过程中考虑它们，以避免在同时执行时产生串扰效应。最后，我们增强了映射转换算法，以减少插入门的数量使电路在硬件上可执行。通过在IBM Quantum硬件上同时执行不同大小的电路，我们演示了我们的多编程方法的性能。我们还研究了这种基于VQE算法的方法，以减少其开销。通过在IBM Quantum硬件上同时执行不同大小的电路，我们演示了我们的多编程方法的性能。我们还研究了这种基于VQE算法的方法，以减少其开销。通过在IBM Quantum硬件上同时执行不同大小的电路，我们演示了我们的多编程方法的性能。我们还研究了这种基于VQE算法的方法，以减少其开销。