Stopovers comprise a significant proportion of the time that many birds spend migrating, and researchers have long relied on these events to define and classify broader migratory strategies. Analyses of stopovers often assume that individuals stop primarily or exclusively in order to replenish energy stores, but other non-fueling behaviors have also been described during stopover events and can influence stopover incidence and duration. Here, we discuss the growing demand for understanding these non-fueling behaviors and for restoring the inherent behavioral complexity to stopover events. We begin by describing how light-weight tracking technologies allow researchers to follow individuals along their entire migratory journeys, capturing stopovers that controvert the traditional stop–refuel–resume paradigm. We then discuss 5 well-identified non-fueling behaviors—recovering, sleeping, waiting, information gathering, and social interactions—and examine how including these behaviors can alter interpretations of individual movement paths. Finally, we outline emerging directions for identifying these behaviors and look to larger implications for population management and site conservation along migratory flyways.

中文翻译：

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超越加油：调查迁徙中途停留事件的功能多样性

中途停留占许多鸟类迁徙时间的很大一部分，研究人员长期以来一直依靠这些事件来定义和分类更广泛的迁徙策略。对中途停留的分析通常假设个人主要或完全是为了补充能量储存而停下来，但在中途停留事件期间也描述了其他非加油行为，并且可能影响中途停留的发生率和持续时间。在这里，我们讨论了对理解这些非加油行为以及恢复中途停留事件固有行为复杂性的日益增长的需求。我们首先描述轻量级跟踪技术如何让研究人员在整个迁徙旅程中跟踪个人，捕捉与传统的停止-加油-恢复范式相矛盾的中途停留。然后，我们讨论了 5 种公认的非加油行为——恢复、睡眠、等待、信息收集和社交互动——并研究包含这些行为如何改变对个人运动路径的解释。最后，我们概述了识别这些行为的新方向，并展望了对迁徙飞行路线上的种群管理和遗址保护的更大影响。