Despite the relevance of the Kelvin force in many physical and electrochemical systems involving magnetic species, the underlying convective flows are scarcely understood. For that purpose, we simulate a simplified rare-earth system in the presence of competing Kelvin and gravity forces. The results are experimentally validated using interferometry and microscopic particle image velocimetry. Based on the excellent agreement of numerical and experimental results, the underlying mechanism of ions' magnetic separation can be explained, which paves the way for a prospective application in rare-earth beneficiation.

中文翻译：

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稀土离子的磁分离：传输过程和图案形成

尽管开尔文力在涉及磁性物种的许多物理和电化学系统中具有相关性，但对底层对流的了解却很少。为此，我们在存在开尔文和重力竞争的情况下模拟简化的稀土系统。使用干涉测量法和微观粒子图像测速仪对实验结果进行了验证。基于数值和实验结果的优异一致性，可以解释离子磁分离的潜在机理，这为将来在稀土矿化中的应用铺平了道路。