The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its unprecedented social restrictions may have serious mental health implications, especially in individuals who have experienced childhood traumatic experiences (CTEs). This prospective study aimed to investigate whether general psychopathology and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity increased during the pandemic as compared to prepandemic baseline data collected approximately 1 year earlier. Furthermore, we investigated whether an increase in symptomatology was linked to CTEs and mediated by a lack of perceived social support and fear of COVID-19. An online survey was administered to 85 individuals, including both participants with PTSD, major depression, or somatic symptom disorder (n = 63) and healthy volunteers (n = 22), during a period of the most severe social restrictions in Germany. The survey included the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Brief Symptom Inventory, PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, ENRICHD Social Support Inventory, and Fear of COVID-19 Scale. In the whole sample, we found significant increases in general psychopathology and PTSD symptom severity, ω² = .07–.08, during as compared to before the COVID-19 pandemic, with CTEs predicting increased PTSD symptom severity, β = .245, p = .042. This effect was mediated by a lack of perceived social support, indirect effect = .101, 95% CI [.013, .209], but not fear of COVID-19, indirect effect = .060, 95% CI [−.035, .167]. These findings emphasize the importance of interventions that promote social inclusion to mitigate the potentially detrimental effects of public health actions implemented against the COVID-19 pandemic in individuals with CTEs.

中文翻译：

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儿童创伤暴露个体在 COVID-19 大流行期间心理健康的前瞻性研究：社会支持很重要

2019 年新型冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 大流行及其前所未有的社会限制可能会对心理健康产生严重影响，尤其是对经历过童年创伤经历 (CTE) 的个人而言。这项前瞻性研究旨在调查与大约 1 年前收集的大流行前基线数据相比，大流行期间一般精神病理学和创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 症状的严重程度是否增加。此外，我们调查了症状学的增加是否与 CTE 相关，并由缺乏感知的社会支持和对 COVID-19 的恐惧介导。对 85 人进行了一项在线调查，包括患有 PTSD、重度抑郁症或躯体症状障碍的参与者 ( n = 63) 和健康志愿者 ( n= 22），在德国最严格的社会限制时期。该调查包括儿童创伤问卷、简要症状量表、DSM-5 的PTSD 清单、ENRICHD 社会支持量表和对 COVID-19 量表的恐惧。在整个样本中，我们发现与 COVID-19 大流行之前相比，一般精神病理学和 PTSD 症状严重程度 ω ^{2 = .07–.08 显着增加，CTE 预测 PTSD 症状严重程度增加，β = .245，} p= .042。这种影响是由缺乏感知社会支持介导的，间接影响 = .101, 95% CI [.013, .209]，但不是对 COVID-19 的恐惧，间接影响 = .060, 95% CI [−.035 , .167]。这些发现强调了促进社会包容的干预措施的重要性，以减轻针对 COVID-19 大流行对 CTE 患者实施的公共卫生行动的潜在有害影响。