ABSTRACT

Electromagnetic radiation from communication and electronic devices, networks, systems and base stations has drawn concern due to excessive global usage with increasing power and operating frequency level. Numerous previous researches only focus on how the radiation from certain frequency ranges of particular devices could harm specific human organs and tissues, resulting in distinct symptoms. In this research, electromagnetic propagation and properties in 14 human organs and tissues were analyzed and investigated based on the organs and tissues’ electromagnetic and mechanical parameters, and chemical composition. Counting the organs and tissues as electromagnetic materials, their permittivity and conductivity, computed by a 4-Cole-Cole mode, directly respective to the operating frequency, are interrelated to wave behavior and hence influence the organs’ response. Tests were conducted in 1 GHz to 105 GHz system settings, covering most microwave frequency uses: 2.4 GHz of 4G-LTE, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ZigBee and the 5G ranges: 28 GHz of 5G-mmW and 95 GHz of 5G-IoT. Trial human organs and tissues were placed in the wave propagation direction of 2.4 GHz and 28 GHz dipole antennas, and a waveguide port operating from 95 to 105 GHz. The quantitative data on the effects of 5G penetration and dissipation within human tissues are presented. The absorbance in all organs and tissues is significantly higher as frequency increases. As the wave enters the organ-tissue model, the wavelength is shortened due to the high organ-tissue permittivity. Skin-Bone-Brain layer simulation results demonstrate that both electric and magnetic fields vanish before passing the brain layer at all three focal frequencies of 2.4 GHz, 28 GHz and 100 GHz.

摘要

来自通信和电子设备、网络、系统和基站的电磁辐射引起了人们的关注，因为随着功率和工作频率水平的增加，全球过度使用。以前的许多研究只关注特定设备的某些频率范围的辐射如何伤害特定的人体器官和组织，从而导致不同的症状。本研究根据人体器官和组织的电磁和力学参数以及化学成分，对人体14种器官和组织中的电磁传播和特性进行了分析和研究。将器官和组织计算为电磁材料，它们的介电常数和电导率，由 4-Cole-Cole 模式计算，直接对应于工作频率，与波行为相互关联，从而影响器官的反应。测试在 1 GHz 至 105 GHz 的系统设置中进行，涵盖大多数微波频率用途：2.4 GHz 的 4G-LTE、Wi-Fi、蓝牙、ZigBee 和 5G 范围：28 GHz 的 5G-mmW 和 95 GHz 的 5G-IoT . 试验人体器官和组织被放置在 2.4 GHz 和 28 GHz 偶极天线的波传播方向，以及一个工作频率为 95 至 105 GHz 的波导端口。提供了有关 5G 在人体组织中渗透和耗散影响的定量数据。所有器官和组织的吸光度随着频率的增加而显着升高。当波进入器官组织模型时，由于器官组织的高介电常数，波长会缩短。