Abstract

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has made us wonder what led to its occurrence and what can be done to avoid such events in the future. As we document, one changing circumstance that is resulting in the emergence and changing the expression of viral diseases in both plants and animals is climate change. Of note, the rapidly changing environment and weather conditions such as excessive flooding, droughts, and forest fires have raised concerns about the global ecosystem’s security, sustainability, and balance. In this review, we discuss the main consequences of climate change and link these to how they impact the appearance of new viral pathogens, how they may facilitate transmission between usual and novel hosts, and how they may also affect the host’s ability to manage the infection. We emphasize how changes in temperature and humidity and other events associated with climate change influence the reservoirs of viral infections, their transmission by insects and other intermediates, their survival outside the host as well the success of infection in plants and animals. We conclude that climate change has mainly detrimental consequences for the emergence, transmission, and outcome of viral infections and plead the case for halting and hopefully reversing this dangerous event.

摘要

持续不断的COVID-19大流行使我们想知道是什么导致了它的发生，以及如何避免将来发生此类事件。正如我们所记录的，导致植物和动物体内病毒性疾病的出现和改变的一种变化情况是气候变化。值得注意的是，迅速变化的环境和天气条件（例如过度的洪水，干旱和森林大火）引起了人们对全球生态系统的安全性，可持续性和平衡的担忧。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了气候变化的主要后果，并将其与它们如何影响新病毒病原体的出现，它们如何促进普通宿主和新型宿主之间的传播以及它们如何影响宿主控制感染的能力联系起来。 。我们强调温度和湿度的变化以及与气候变化有关的其他事件如何影响病毒感染的库，它们通过昆虫和其他中间体的传播，它们在宿主以外的存活以及在植物和动物中的成功感染。我们得出的结论是，气候变化对病毒感染的发生，传播和结果产生主要不利影响，并为遏制并希望扭转这一危险事件提供了理由。