Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a technique used to measure the magnetic fields generated from neuronal activity in the brain. MEG has a high temporal resolution on the order of milliseconds and provides a more direct measure of brain activity compared to hemodynamic-based neuroimaging methods such as magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography. The current review focuses on basic features of MEG such as the instrumentation and the physics that are integral to the signals that can be measured, and the principles of source localization techniques, particularly the physics of beamforming and the techniques that are used to localize the signal of interest. Additionally, we review several metrics that can be used to assess functional coupling in MEG and describe the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. Lastly, we discuss the current and future applications of MEG.

中文翻译：

---

脑磁图：基础和临床神经科学中的物理、技术和应用

脑磁图 (MEG) 是一种用于测量大脑神经元活动产生的磁场的技术。与基于血流动力学的神经成像方法（如磁共振成像和正电子发射断层扫描）相比，MEG 具有毫秒级的高时间分辨率，并提供更直接的大脑活动测量。当前的评论侧重于 MEG 的基本特征，例如与可测量信号不可或缺的仪器和物理学，以及源定位技术的原理，尤其是波束成形的物理学和用于定位信号的技术出于兴趣。此外，我们回顾了几个可用于评估 MEG 中功能耦合的指标，并描述了每种方法的优缺点。最后，