The flowering plant family Annonaceae includes important commercially grown tropical crops, but development of promising species is hindered by a lack of genomic resources to build breeding programs. Annonaceae are part of the magnoliids, an ancient lineage of angiosperms for which evolutionary relationships with other major clades remain unclear. To provide resources to breeders and evolutionary researchers, we report a chromosome-level genome assembly of the soursop (Annona muricata). We assembled the genome using 444.32 Gb of DNA sequences (676× sequencing depth) from PacBio and Illumina short-reads, in combination with 10× Genomics and Bionano data (v1). A total of 949 scaffolds were assembled to a final size of 656.77 Mb, with a scaffold N50 of 3.43 Mb (v1), and then further improved to seven pseudo-chromosomes using Hi-C sequencing data (v2; scaffold N50: 93.2 Mb, total size in chromosomes: 639.6 Mb). Heterozygosity was very low (0.06%), while repeat sequences accounted for 54.87% of the genome, and 23,375 protein-coding genes with an average of 4.79 exons per gene were annotated using de novo, RNA-seq and homology-based approaches. Reconstruction of the historical population size showed a slow continuous contraction, probably related to Cenozoic climate changes. The soursop is the first genome assembled in Annonaceae, supporting further studies of floral evolution in magnoliids, providing an essential resource for delineating relationships of ancient angiosperm lineages. Both genome-assisted improvement and conservation efforts will be strengthened by the availability of the soursop genome. As a community resource, this assembly will further strengthen the role of Annonaceae as model species for research on the ecology, evolution and domestication potential of tropical species in pomology and agroforestry.

中文翻译：

---

刺果番荔枝（Annona muricata）染色体水平参考基因组：木兰科研究和热带果树学的新资源


开花植物科番荔枝科包括重要的商业种植热带作物，但由于缺乏建立育种计划的基因组资源，有前途的物种的发展受到阻碍。番荔枝科是木兰科的一部分，木兰科是被子植物的一个古老谱系，其与其他主要分支的进化关系仍不清楚。为了向育种者和进化研究人员提供资源，我们报告了刺果番荔枝（ Annona muricata ）的染色体水平基因组组装。我们使用来自 PacBio 和 Illumina 短读长的 444.32 Gb DNA 序列（676 倍测序深度），结合 10 倍 Genomics 和 Bionano 数据 (v1) 组装了基因组。总共949个支架被组装成最终大小656.77 Mb，支架N50为3.43 Mb（v1），然后使用Hi-C测序数据进一步改进为7个假染色体（v2；支架N50：93.2 Mb，染色体总大小：639.6 Mb）。杂合度非常低（0.06％），而重复序列占基因组的54.87％，并且使用de novo、RNA-seq和基于同源性的方法注释了23,375个蛋白质编码基因，平均每个基因有4.79个外显子。历史人口规模重建显示出缓慢的持续收缩，可能与新生代气候变化有关。刺果番荔枝是番荔枝科中第一个组装的基因组，支持对木兰科植物花进化的进一步研究，为描绘古代被子植物谱系的关系提供了重要资源。刺果番荔枝基因组的可用性将加强基因组辅助改良和保护工作。 作为一种群落资源，这次大会将进一步加强番荔枝科作为模式物种的作用，用于果树学和农林业中热带物种的生态、进化和驯化潜力的研究。