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What Can Performance in the IEDS Task Tell Us About Attention Shifting in Clinical Groups?
Autism Research ( IF 5.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-11 , DOI: 10.1002/aur.2484
James M Yearsley 1 , Sebastian B Gaigg 1 , Dermot M Bowler 1 , Melanie Ring 1, 2 , Corinna Haenschel 1
Affiliation  

The Intra-Extra-dimensional set shift task (IEDS) is a widely used test of learning and attention, believed to be sensitive to aspects of executive function. The task proceeds through a number of stages, and it is generally claimed that patterns of errors across stages can be used to discriminate between reduced attention switching and more general reductions in rates of learning. A number of papers have used the IEDS task to argue for specific attention shifting difficulties in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Schizophrenia, however, it remains unclear how well the IEDS really differentiates between reduced attention shifting and other causes of impaired performance. To address this issue, we introduce a simple computational model of performance in the IEDS task, designed to separate the competing effects of attention shifting and general learning rate. We fit the model to data from ASD and comparison individuals matched on age and IQ, as well as to data from four previous studies which used the IEDS task. Model fits do not show consistent evidence for reductions in attention shifting rates in ASD and Schizophrenia. Instead, we find performance is better explained by differences in learning rate, particularly from punishment, which we show correlates with IQ. We, therefore, argue that the IEDS task is not a good measure of attention shifting in clinical groups.

中文翻译:

IEDS 任务中的表现可以告诉我们关于临床组注意力转移的什么信息?

Intra-Extra-dimensional set shift task (IEDS) 是一种广泛使用的学习和注意力测试,被认为对执行功能的各个方面都很敏感。该任务通过多个阶段进行,并且通常声称跨阶段的错误模式可用于区分注意力切换的减少和学习率的更普遍的降低。许多论文使用 IEDS 任务来论证自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 和精神分裂症中的特定注意力转移困难,然而,目前尚不清楚 IEDS 究竟如何区分注意力转移减少和其他表现受损的原因。为了解决这个问题,我们在 IEDS 任务中引入了一个简单的性能计算模型,旨在分离注意力转移和一般学习率的竞争效应。我们将模型拟合到来自 ASD 和年龄和智商匹配的比较个体的数据,以及来自使用 IEDS 任务的四项先前研究的数据。模型拟合没有显示出一致的证据表明 ASD 和精神分裂症的注意力转移率降低。相反,我们发现学习率的差异可以更好地解释性能,特别是来自惩罚的差异,我们表明这与 IQ 相关。因此,我们认为 IEDS 任务不是衡量临床群体注意力转移的好方法。模型拟合没有显示出一致的证据表明 ASD 和精神分裂症的注意力转移率降低。相反,我们发现学习率的差异可以更好地解释性能,特别是来自惩罚的差异,我们表明这与 IQ 相关。因此,我们认为 IEDS 任务不是衡量临床群体注意力转移的好方法。模型拟合没有显示出一致的证据表明 ASD 和精神分裂症的注意力转移率降低。相反,我们发现学习率的差异可以更好地解释性能,特别是来自惩罚的差异,我们表明这与 IQ 相关。因此,我们认为 IEDS 任务不是衡量临床群体注意力转移的好方法。
更新日期:2021-02-11
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