This study presents a hexagonal array of submicron hollow veins covered with a high-refractive-index (n) ceramic layer for extracting and steering light trapped in organic light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The hollow veins sustained by an ultrathin (35 nm in thickness) alumina wall were fabricated on a glass substrate by sequentially using nanoimprinting lithography, atomic layer deposition, and calcination processes, followed by sputtering a Si₃N₄ (n = 2.0) or TiO₂ (n = 2.4) cover. A more pronounced scattering signal was revealed by dark-field imaging and scattering spectroscopy for the TiO₂-cover sample. Measurements of photonic band dispersion via evanescent-field coupling demonstrated that the TiO₂-cover sample surpassed the Si₃N₄-cover sample in extracting light trapped by total internal reflections in the glass substrate. The extraction efficiency of hollow vein embedded ceramic films was evaluated by conducting ray-wave integrated optics simulations on millimeter-scale (0.25 × 0.25 × 0.10 mm³) organic LEDs for covers with different n values. The incorporation of a cover with n = 2.4 maximized the extraction efficiency because of the dramatically enhanced top emission (i.e., a 2.8-fold enhancement relative to an unpatterned organic LED) through the glass substrate, thereby leading to a narrow beam angle of 30º.

这项研究提出了覆盖有高折射率（n）陶瓷层的亚微米空心静脉的六边形阵列，用于提取和控制捕获在有机发光二极管（LED）中的光。通过依次使用纳米压印光刻，原子层沉积和煅烧工艺，随后溅射Si ₃ N ₄（n  = 2.0）或TiO ，在玻璃基板上制造由超薄（厚度为35 nm）氧化铝壁支撑的空心静脉。₂（n  = 2.4）盖。TiO _2的暗场成像和散射光谱显示了更明显的散射信号-覆盖样品。通过e逝场耦合的光子带色散测量表明，在提取由玻璃基板中的全内反射所捕获的光时，TiO ₂覆盖样品优于Si ₃ N ₄覆盖样品。通过在毫米级（0.25×0.25×0.10 mm ³）有机LED上进行射线波集成光学模拟，评估具有不同n值的覆盖层，对空心静脉嵌入式陶瓷膜的提取效率进行了评估。将封面与n合并 = 2.4使提取效率最大化，这是因为通过玻璃基板的顶部发射显着增强（即，相对于无图案有机LED的2.8倍增强），从而导致30º的窄光束角。