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Prevention and mitigation of epidemics: Biodiversity conservation and confinement policies
Journal of Mathematical Economics ( IF 1.0 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-11 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jmateco.2021.102484
Emmanuelle Augeraud-Véron , Giorgio Fabbri , Katheline Schubert

This paper presents a first model integrating the relation between biodiversity loss and zoonotic pandemic risks in a general equilibrium dynamic economic set-up. The occurrence of pandemics is modeled as Poissonian leaps in economic variables. The planner can intervene in the economic and epidemiological dynamics in two ways: first (prevention), by deciding to conserve a greater quantity of biodiversity to decrease the probability of a pandemic occurring, and second (mitigation), by reducing the death toll through a lockdown policy, with the collateral effect of affecting negatively labor productivity. The policy is evaluated using a social welfare function embodying society’s risk aversion, aversion to fluctuations, degree of impatience and altruism towards future generations. The model is explicitly solved and the optimal policy described. The dependence of the optimal policy on natural, productivity and preference parameters is discussed. In particular the optimal lockdown is more severe in societies valuing more human life, and the optimal biodiversity conservation is larger for more “forward looking” societies, with a small discount rate and a high degree of altruism towards future generations. Moreover, societies accepting a large welfare loss to mitigate the pandemics are also societies doing a lot of prevention. After calibrating the model with COVID-19 pandemic data we compare the mitigation efforts predicted by the model with those of the recent literature and we study the optimal prevention–mitigation policy mix.



中文翻译:

预防和减轻流行病:生物多样性保护和限制政策

本文提出了第一个模型,该模型在一般均衡动态经济结构中整合了生物多样性丧失与人畜共患大流行风险之间的关系。大流行的发生被建模为经济变量中的泊松跳跃。规划者可以通过两种方式干预经济和流行病学动态:第一种(预防),通过决定保留更多的生物多样性以减少大流行的可能性;第二种(缓解),通过减少疾病的死亡人数封锁政策,附带影响劳动生产率的负面影响。该政策使用体现社会对风险的厌恶,对波动的厌恶,急躁程度和对子孙后代的无私奉献的社会福利功能进行评估。该模型已明确求解,并描述了最佳策略。讨论了最优政策对自然,生产率和偏好参数的依赖。尤其是,在人们生活价值更高的社会中,最佳封锁更为严厉;对于更具“前瞻性”的社会,最佳的生物多样性保护更大,折现率低,对子孙后代的利他程度很高。此外,为减轻流行病而蒙受大量福利损失的社会也采取了许多预防措施。在使用COVID-19大流行数据对模型进行了校准之后,我们将模型预测的缓解措施与最近的文献进行了比较,并研究了最佳的预防与缓解政策组合。尤其是,在人们生活价值更高的社会中,最佳封锁更为严厉;对于更具“前瞻性”的社会,最佳的生物多样性保护更大,折现率低,对子孙后代的利他程度很高。此外,为减轻流行病而蒙受大量福利损失的社会也采取了许多预防措施。在使用COVID-19大流行数据对模型进行了校准之后,我们将模型预测的缓解措施与最近的文献进行了比较,并研究了最佳的预防/缓解政策组合。特别是,在人们生活价值更高的社会中,最佳封锁更为严厉;对于更具“前瞻性”的社会,最佳的生物多样性保护更大,折现率低,对子孙后代的利他程度很高。此外,为减轻流行病而蒙受大量福利损失的社会也采取了许多预防措施。在使用COVID-19大流行数据对模型进行了校准之后,我们将模型预测的缓解措施与最近的文献进行了比较,并研究了最佳的预防/缓解政策组合。为减轻流行病而蒙受大量福利损失的社会也采取了许多预防措施。在使用COVID-19大流行数据对模型进行了校准之后,我们将模型预测的缓解措施与最近的文献进行了比较,并研究了最佳的预防/缓解政策组合。为减轻流行病而蒙受大量福利损失的社会也采取了许多预防措施。在使用COVID-19大流行数据对模型进行了校准之后,我们将模型预测的缓解措施与最近的文献进行了比较,并研究了最佳的预防/缓解政策组合。

更新日期:2021-03-10
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