With increasing reliance on information technology by modern society, the scale and energy consumption of data centers (DCs) are rising rapidly. Approximately 40% of the energy consumed by DCs is associated with refrigeration systems used to maintain optimal operation temperatures. Such systems produce large amounts of waste heat; therefore, the utilization of the waste heat is essential for the optimization of the energy efficiency of DCs, especially with regard to DC prosumers (producers and consumers). However, the low temperature of the waste heat and variation in load demand are two factors limiting the exploitation of waste heat from DCs. In this study, a prosumer DC energy system based on a ground source heat pump (GSHP) is proposed for the recycling of waste heat from DCs for the heating of surrounding buildings. The heat generated in the non-heating period is stored in the soil and made available for building heating using a carbon dioxide (CO₂) direct-expansion GSHP. Furthermore, the cooling power consumption, total power consumption, exergy efficiency, and net profit of the prosumer DC waste heat energy recovery system are evaluated. Compared to conventional cooling systems that use air source heat pumps (ASHPs) for building heating, the energy, exergy, and economic (3E) performance of the prosumer DC have the following advantages: 1) the prosumer DC waste heat energy recovery system yields a heat-power ratio of 5.70, with a total power consumption approximately half (52.86%) that of the conventional system; 2) the matching thermodynamic properties are greatly improved; specifically, the exergy efficiency of the prosumer DC waste heat energy recovery system is 3.87 fold that of the conventional system; 3) better economic revenue of the prosumer DC waste heat energy recovery system generates more economic revenue, with an annual net profit approximately 190.34% of that generated by the conventional system. In general, the prosumer system facilitates flexible and effective utilization of the low-temperature waste heat, by coupling the upstream power supplier and downstream thermal users through a GSHP.

随着现代社会越来越依赖信息技术，数据中心（DC）的规模和能耗正在迅速增加。DC消耗的能量中约有40％与用于维持最佳运行温度的制冷系统有关。这样的系统产生大量的废热。因此，利用废热对于优化DC的能源效率至关重要，特别是对于DC生产者（生产者和消费者）而言。然而，废热的低温和负载需求的变化是限制从DC排放废热的两个因素。在这项研究中，提出了一种基于地源热泵（GSHP）的生产型DC能源系统，用于回收DC的废热，用于加热周围的建筑物。₂）直接展开式GSHP。此外，还评估了生产者DC余热能回收系统的冷却功率消耗，总功率消耗，火用效率和净利润。与使用空气源热泵（ASHP）进行建筑供暖的常规冷却系统相比，生产者DC的能源，火用和经济（3E）性能具有以下优势：1）生产者DC废热能回收系统可产生热功率比为5.70，总功耗约为传统系统的一半（52.86％）；2）匹配热力学性能大大提高；具体来说，生产者直流废热能回收系统的（火用）效率是传统系统的3.87倍；3）消费性直流余热发电系统的更好的经济收入产生了更多的经济收入，年纯利润约为传统系统产生的190.34％。通常，生产者系统通过GSHP将上游电源供应商和下游热用户耦合在一起，从而有助于灵活有效地利用低温废热。