In this paper, Covariance Matrix Adaption Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES) is used to optimally design soft and hard wave barriers in half-space soil medium subjected to moving train loadings. Special focus is given to two-phase saturated porous medium of soil and the differences between the barrier characteristics in saturated and dry media are highlighted. Wave propagation caused by moving trains in saturated ground is modeled using Biot’s poroelastodynamic theory and time-domain finite element (FE) numerical simulations. The poroelastodynamic solution is then coupled to CMA-ES as the fitness function of the optimal design procedure. The obtained results show that the optimal barrier characteristics and amplitude reduction spectra (ARS) depend on the ground saturation as well as on the lading frequency and barrier material. It is observed that open trenches, as air-filled barriers, have a very good screening effect in both dry and saturated grounds and their optimal shape has a vertical rectangular configuration. On the other hand, hard barriers such as concrete, have less screening effects and their optimal shape takes slab-like pattern. The effectiveness of double trenches is also explored and it is found that optimal double barriers have better screening effect as compared to that of single barriers.

在本文中，协方差矩阵适应进化策略（CMA-ES）用于优化设计在承受列车荷载的半空间土壤介质中的软波和硬波屏障。特别关注土壤的两相饱和多孔介质，并强调了在饱和和干燥介质中的屏障特性之间的差异。使用Biot的孔隙弹性理论和时域有限元（FE）数值模拟对由列车在饱和地面中引起的波传播进行建模。然后将孔隙弹性动力解决方案耦合到CMA-ES，作为最佳设计程序的适应度函数。获得的结果表明，最佳的屏障特性和减幅谱（ARS）取决于地面饱和度以及提货频率和屏障材料。可以看到，作为干式屏障的开放式沟槽在干燥和饱和地面均具有很好的屏蔽效果，其最佳形状为垂直矩形结构。另一方面，坚硬的障碍物，例如混凝土，具有较小的屏蔽效果，并且其最佳形状呈板状图案。还研究了双沟槽的有效性，并且发现与单壁障相比，最佳双壁障具有更好的屏蔽效果。