The first wave of COVID-19 pandemic period has drastically changed people’s lives all over the world. To cope with the disruption, digital solutions have become more popular. However, the ability to adopt digitalised alternatives is different across socio-economic and socio-demographic groups. This study investigates how individuals have changed their activity-travel patterns and internet usage during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemicperiod, and which of these changes may be kept. An empirical data collection was deployed through online forms. 781 responses from different countries (Italy, Sweden, India and others) have beencollected, and a series of multivariate analyses was carried out. Two linear regression models are presented, related to the change of travel activities andinternet usage, before and during the pandemic period. Furthermore, a binary regression model is used to examine the likelihood of the respondents to adoptand keep their behaviours beyond the pandemic period. The results show that the possibility to change the behaviour matter. External restrictions and personal characteristics are the driving factors of the reductionin ones' daily trips. However, the estimation results do not show a strong correlation between the countries' restriction policy and the respondents' likelihoodto adopt the new and online-based behaviours for any of the activities after the restriction period. The acceptance and long-term adoption of the online alternatives for activities are correlated with the respondents' personality and socio-demographicgroup, highlighting the importance of promoting alternatives as a part of longer-term behavioural and lifestyle changes.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19 大流行第一波期间虚拟活动和实体活动之间的权衡行为


COVID-19 大流行期间的第一波浪潮极大地改变了全世界人们的生活。为了应对颠覆，数字解决方案变得更加流行。然而，不同社会经济群体和社会人口群体采用数字化替代方案的能力是不同的。本研究调查了在 COVID-19 大流行第一波期间个人如何改变其活动旅行模式和互联网使用情况，以及哪些变化可能会保留。通过在线表格部署了经验数据收集。收集了来自不同国家（意大利、瑞典、印度等）的 781 份回复，并进行了一系列多变量分析。提出了两个线性回归模型，与大流行之前和期间的旅行活动和互联网使用的变化相关。此外，还使用二元回归模型来检查受访者在大流行期间采取并保持其行为的可能性。结果表明，改变行为的可能性很重要。外部限制和个人特征是人们日常出行减少的驱动因素。然而，估计结果并未显示国家的限制政策与受访者在限制期后​​对任何活动采取新的在线行为的可能性之间没有很强的相关性。对在线活动替代方案的接受度和长期采用与受访者的个性和社会人口群体相关，这凸显了推广替代方案作为长期行为和生活方式改变的一部分的重要性。