The first wave of COVID-19 pandemic period has drastically changed people’s lives all over the world. To cope with the disruption, digital solutions have become more popular. However, the ability to adopt digitalised alternatives is different across socio-economic and socio-demographic groups. This study investigates how individuals have changed their activity-travel patterns and internet usage during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemicperiod, and which of these changes may be kept. An empirical data collection was deployed through online forms. 781 responses from different countries (Italy, Sweden, India and others) have beencollected, and a series of multivariate analyses was carried out. Two linear regression models are presented, related to the change of travel activities andinternet usage, before and during the pandemic period. Furthermore, a binary regression model is used to examine the likelihood of the respondents to adoptand keep their behaviours beyond the pandemic period. The results show that the possibility to change the behaviour matter. External restrictions and personal characteristics are the driving factors of the reductionin ones' daily trips. However, the estimation results do not show a strong correlation between the countries' restriction policy and the respondents' likelihoodto adopt the new and online-based behaviours for any of the activities after the restriction period. The acceptance and long-term adoption of the online alternatives for activities are correlated with the respondents' personality and socio-demographicgroup, highlighting the importance of promoting alternatives as a part of longer-term behavioural and lifestyle changes.

中文翻译：

---

COVID-19大流行期第一波期间虚拟活动与身体活动之间的权衡行为

第一轮COVID-19大流行时期已彻底改变了世界各地的人们的生活。为了应对这种破坏，数字解决方案变得越来越流行。但是，在社会经济和社会人口群体中采用数字化替代方案的能力有所不同。这项研究调查了个人如何在COVID-19大流行的第一波期间改变了他们的活动-旅行方式和互联网使用情况，并且这些改变中的哪些可以保留。通过在线表格部署了经验数据收集。收集了来自不同国家（意大利，瑞典，印度等）的781条回应，并进行了一系列多变量分析。提出了两个线性回归模型，分别与大流行时期之前和期间的旅行活动和互联网使用情况的变化有关。此外，使用二元回归模型来检验受访者采用和保持其行为超出大流行期的可能性。结果表明，改变行为的可能性很重要。外部限制和个人特征是减少日常出行的驱动因素。但是，估计结果并未显示出国家的限制政策与受访者在限制期之后针对任何活动采用新的基于在线行为的可能性之间的密切相关性。在线替代活动的接受和长期采用与受访者的个性和社会人口统计学特点有关，