Five closely related species of greater fritillaries occur in North America east of the Mississippi River: regal fritillary (Speyeria idalia Drury [Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae]), Diana fritillary (Speyeria diana Cramer [Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae]), great spangled fritillary (Speyeria cybele Fabricius [Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae]), Atlantis fritillary (Speyeria atlantis Edwards [Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae]), and Aphrodite fritillary (Speyeria aphrodite Fabricius [Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae]). The regal fritillary and Diana fritillary are species of concern, whereas the great spangled fritillary, Atlantis fritillary, and Aphrodite fritillary are relatively abundant within their respective ranges. However, the Atlantis fritillary and Aphrodite fritillary have experienced severe population declines within the last few decades. We created ecological niche models for these five species by combining each species’ known occurrences with climate and environmental variables to identify important response variables and determine the potential distribution of suitable habitat for each species. Important climate variables differed among species, although minimum temperature of the coldest month was important for great spangled, Atlantis, and Aphrodite fritillaries. The regal fritillary responded the most to temperature seasonality, whereas the Diana fritillary responded to maximum temperature of warmest month and the great spangled fritillary responded to annual precipitation. Land use was important for all species except the regal fritillary and average annual relative humidity was important for all species except the great spangled fritillary. This study highlights the different climate and habitat needs for greater fritillary species with important implications for how each species is expected to be impacted by climate change. We also demonstrate the value of citizen science and photo sharing websites for providing important data for evaluating species distributions.

中文翻译：

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影响美国东部五种Speyeria（鳞翅目：蛱蝶科）物种潜在适宜栖息地分布的环境变量

北美洲密西西比河以东有五种密切相关的大贝母：帝王贝母（Speyeria idalia Drury [Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae]）、戴安娜贝母（Speyeria diana Cramer [Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae]）、大花贝母（Speyeria cybele Fabricius） [鳞翅目：蛱蝶科]）、亚特兰蒂斯贝母（Speyeria atlantis Edwards [鳞翅目：蛱蝶科]）和阿芙罗狄蒂贝母（Speyeria aphrodite Fabricius [鳞翅目：蛱蝶科]）。帝王贝母和戴安娜贝母是值得关注的物种，而大花贝母、亚特兰蒂斯贝母和阿芙罗狄蒂贝母在其各自范围内相对丰富。然而，亚特兰蒂斯贝母和阿芙罗狄蒂贝母在过去几十年中经历了严重的人口下降。我们通过将每个物种的已知事件与气候和环境变量相结合，为这五个物种创建了生态位模型，以确定重要的响应变量并确定每个物种合适栖息地的潜在分布。重要的气候变量因物种而异，尽管最冷月份的最低温度对大花、亚特兰蒂斯和阿芙罗狄蒂贝母很重要。帝王贝母对温度季节性的反应最大，而黛安娜贝母对最暖月最高温度的反应最大，而大花贝母对年降水量的反应最大。土地利用对除帝王贝母外的所有物种都很重要，而年平均相对湿度对除大花贝母外的所有物种都很重要。这项研究强调了对更大的贝母物种的不同气候和栖息地需求，这对预计每个物种将如何受到气候变化的影响具有重要意义。我们还展示了公民科学和照片共享网站在为评估物种分布提供重要数据方面的价值。