We address the question why social identities associated with resource extraction can survive the extraction itself, a question which is highly relevant for devising strategies for economic diversification and community reinvention in many communities. The case of As Pontes, in Galicia, Spain, where a rural community transformed into a powerhouse of coal mining and electricity production, is highly instructive, as it reveals the importance of state planning and a central actor which structured social, political and economic life, and created identities which could not easily be dislodged. We deploy notions from Pierre Bourdieu's sociology of practice to analyze the persistence of identities and associated hopes for an impossible return to the past, giving central place to the idea of symbolic violence, i.e. the internalization of categories, identities and relations initially promoted by a coalition of actors benefiting from this order of the social field.

我们解决了一个问题，即与资源开采相关的社会身份为何能够在开采本身中幸存下来，这一问题与制定许多社区的经济多元化和社区改造战略非常相关。西班牙加利西亚的As Pontes乡村社区转变成煤矿和电力生产的重镇的案例具有很高的指导意义，因为它揭示了国家计划和构成社会，政治和经济生活的中央参与者的重要性，并创建了不容易转移的身份。我们运用皮埃尔·布迪厄（Pierre Bourdieu）的实践社会学的思想来分析身份的持久性以及对不可能回到过去的希望，将象征性暴力的观念（即类别的内部化）