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Rare Animals as Cryptids and Supernaturals: The Case of Dugongs on Flores Island
Anthrozoös ( IF 1.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-10 , DOI: 10.1080/08927936.2021.1878681
Gregory Forth 1
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT

Expanding on recent anthropological writing on cryptozoology, this paper demonstrates how animals perceived as both rare and cosmologically anomalous can be usefully compared with cryptids, “mystery” animals not currently recognized by scientific zoology. The case is advanced with reference to the dugong (Dugong dugon) as experienced by the Lio people of the eastern Indonesian island of Flores, who credit these large sea mammals with supernatural properties even while otherwise recognizing them as physical or natural creatures. Lio describe the seldom seen animals as half human and half fish and, as detailed in a widely known myth, descendants of a human female. Their human quality finds expression in dugongs’ retaining or regaining human form, particularly in dreams, and in numerous magical uses made of dugong body parts, most of which are explicitly rationalized with reference to the animal’s human origin. But while the spiritual or supernatural character of dugongs reflects their derivation from a human, Lio otherwise treat the animals as a kind of “fish,” and most people will consume dugong flesh – a duality that finds further expression in the variety of names Lio give to dugongs. Combined with their unusual morphology and behavior (displaying numerous features of land mammals while living exclusively in the sea), it is the rarity of dugongs – understood as a quality of remaining “hidden” from all humans except those who are privileged to encounter one – that explains both their supernatural quality and their close similarity to cryptids. Accordingly, the paper aims to advance an anthropological study of rarity, conceived as a quality of not being regularly accessible to the perception of ordinary humans, as a factor connecting certain empirical animals both to spiritual beings and to the usual subjects of cryptozoology.



中文翻译:

稀有动物的隐窝和超自然生物:弗洛雷斯岛上的儒艮案例

摘要

本文扩展了关于密码学的最新人类学著作,论证了如何将被视为稀有和宇宙学上异常的动物与目前未被科学动物学认识的隐身动物“神秘”动物进行比较。此案是参考儒艮案(Dugong dugon)进行的。)是印度尼西亚东部弗洛雷斯岛的里奥人所经历的,他们认为这些大型海洋哺乳动物具有超自然的特性,即使他们另外将它们识别为自然或自然生物也是如此。Lio将很少见的动物描述为人类的一半和鱼类的一半,正如众所周知的神话所详述的那样,它是人类女性的后代。他们的品质体现在儒艮保持或重新获得人类形态的过程中,尤其是在梦中,以及儒艮身体各个部位的许多神奇用途,其中大部分是根据动物的起源而合理化的。但是,尽管儒艮的精神或超自然特征反映了儒艮的起源于人类,但廖在其他方面却将动物视为一种“鱼,”并且大多数人会食用儒艮肉-这种双重性在Lio赋予儒艮的各种名称中得到了进一步的体现。结合其不寻常的形态和行为(仅在海中生活时,它们展现出陆地哺乳动物的众多特征),这是儒艮的稀有物-被理解为对所有人类保持“隐藏”的品质,但那些有幸遇见的人除外-这就解释了它们的超自然质量以及它们与隐身的紧密相似性。因此,本文旨在推进人类学的稀有性研究,这种稀有性被认为是普通人的感知无法定期获得的品质,是将某些经验动物与灵性生物和通常的密码学学科联系起来的因素。结合其异常的形态和行为(仅在海中生活时,它们展现出陆地哺乳动物的众多特征),这是儒艮的稀有物-被理解为对所有人类保持“隐藏”的品质,但那些有幸遇见的人除外-这就解释了它们的超自然质量以及它们与隐身的紧密相似性。因此,本文旨在推进人类学的稀有性研究,这种稀有性被认为是普通人的感知无法定期获得的品质,是将某些经验动物与灵性生物和密码学的常见学科联系起来的一个因素。结合其不寻常的形态和行为(仅在海中生活时,它们展现出陆地哺乳动物的众多特征),这是儒艮的稀有物-被理解为对所有人类保持“隐藏”的品质,但那些有幸遇见的人除外-这就解释了它们的超自然质量以及它们与隐身的紧密相似性。因此,本文旨在推进人类学的稀有性研究,这种稀有性被认为是普通人的感知无法定期获得的品质,是将某些经验动物与灵性生物和密码学的常见学科联系起来的一个因素。儒艮的稀有性-被理解为对所有人类都具有“隐藏”的能力,除了那些有幸遇见的人之外-解释了它们的超自然质量以及它们与隐身的紧密相似性。因此,本文旨在推进人类学的稀有性研究,这种稀有性被认为是普通人的感知无法定期获得的品质,是将某些经验动物与灵性生物和密码学的常见学科联系起来的一个因素。儒艮的稀有性-被理解为对所有人类都具有“隐藏”的能力,除了那些有幸遇见的人之外-解释了它们的超自然质量以及它们与隐身的紧密相似性。因此,本文旨在推进人类学的稀有性研究,这种稀有性被认为是普通人的感知无法定期获得的品质,是将某些经验动物与灵性生物和密码学的常见学科联系起来的一个因素。

更新日期:2021-03-08
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