ABSTRACT

Maize is an important crop worldwide having vital nutritional, medicinal, and economic significance. It is vulnerable to a broad spectrum of emerging infections and diseases caused by Fusarium species which are collectively termed fusariosis. The negative consequences of fusariosis can stimulate a considerable economic loss in the food chain. With this context, this study evaluated the biological control potential of 127 fungal strains that were sampled from the rhizosphere of five different Mexican maize landraces. Results showed that the strain Trichoderma sp. CM-CNRG 444 was able to inihbit the growth of maize-pathogenic strains of Fusarium fujikuroi, F. incarnatum-equiseti, F. oxysporum, and F. sambucinum species complexes by colonisation and mycoparasitism on dual culture assays. The colonisation of Trichoderma sp. CM-CNRG 444 in seeds (42.5%), roots (67.5%), and crown tissue (75.5%) during maize germination reduces the tissues rot of Fusarium strains by 50%–100%. Additionally, plants co-inoculated with Trichoderma sp. CM-CNRG 444 and Fusarium strains were statistically similar to the control plants in the number of leaves, root system, stem length, and biomass accumulation. It is concluded that the fungal strain Trichoderma sp. CM-CNRG 444 protects maize seed germination, seedlings and plants development against fusariosis. Based on the findings, Trichoderma sp. CM-CNRG 444 can be used to develop an agent to control fusariosis in maize crop.

摘要

玉米是世界范围内的重要作物，具有重要的营养、药用和经济意义。它容易受到由镰刀菌属物种引起的广泛的新发感染和疾病的影响，这些感染和疾病统称为镰刀菌病。镰刀菌病的负面后果会在食物链中造成相当大的经济损失。在此背景下，本研究评估了从五种不同墨西哥玉米地方品种的根际取样的 127 种真菌菌株的生物防治潜力。结果表明，菌株木霉属。CM-CNRG 444 能够抑制Fusarium fujikuroi , F的玉米致病菌株的生长。incarnatum -木贼，˚F。病菌和˚F。接骨木物种复合物通过双培养测定的定植和真菌寄生。木霉属的定殖。CM-CNRG 444 在玉米萌发过程中的种子 (42.5%)、根 (67.5%) 和冠组织 (75.5%) 中可将镰刀菌菌株的组织腐烂减少50%–100%。此外，植物与木霉属共接种。CM-CNRG 444 和镰刀菌菌株在叶数、根系、茎长和生物量积累方面与对照植物在统计学上相似。结论是真菌菌株木霉sp. CM-CNRG 444 保护玉米种子萌发、幼苗和植物发育免受镰刀菌病的侵害。根据调查结果，木霉属。CM-CNRG 444 可用于开发一种控制玉米作物镰刀菌病的药剂。