Newly evolving strains of pathogenic microorganisms in aquaculture are posing formidable challenge in controlling and/or eradication of diseases affecting aquaculture. Many research studies have aimed to address this challenge, and the delivery of vaccines using biocompatible nano-delivery systems is widely investigated. Nanoparticles (NPs) have tremendous potential for application as delivery vehicles of novel vaccines. At present, various polymeric and non-polymeric NPs are utilized to deliver vaccines in aquatic species. This review comprehensively discusses recent research advancements in the utilization of carbon nanotubes and polymeric micro-/nanoparticles for the delivery of drug/nutrients to control fish diseases. Further, this review compares the potentials of various vaccine delivery systems utilized to control fish pathogens. The necessity of non-toxic and eco-friendly strategies for aquaculture has also been emphasized in this review.

中文翻译：

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碳纳米管和聚合物微/纳米颗粒在鱼疫苗递送中的应用：进展和未来展望

水产养殖中新进化的病原微生物菌株对控制和/或根除影响水产养殖的疾病构成了巨大挑战。许多研究旨在应对这一挑战，并且广泛研究了使用生物相容性纳米递送系统递送疫苗。纳米颗粒 (NPs) 作为新型疫苗的载体具有巨大的应用潜力。目前，各种聚合物和非聚合物 NPs 被用于在水生物种中递送疫苗。本综述全面讨论了利用碳纳米管和聚合物微/纳米颗粒输送药物/营养素以控制鱼类疾病的最新研究进展。此外，本综述比较了用于控制鱼类病原体的各种疫苗输送系统的潜力。