Multiphase speleothem damage and passage collapse in Niedźwiedzia Cave (NE Bohemian Massif, Poland) were dated with U‐series methods, revealing five events: (1) 320–306 ka, (2) 253–236 ka, (3) 162–158 ka, (4) 132–135 ka, and (5) >21 ka. Events 1, 3 and 4 are robustly constrained, and events 2 and 5 are less certain. Although we cannot unambiguously exclude other agents (frost or gravity collapses), the most likely trigger of damage in the cave was an earthquake, which is supported by timing (the damage occurred independently from climatic conditions in cold and warm periods) and deformation style (damage to the ceiling and walls as well as the passage floor). We applied ground motion models to determine the probable seismic source size, which is most likely the Sudetic Marginal Fault ‐ one of the most pronounced tectonic structures in Central Europe. Located <20 km from the cave and with documented earthquakes of M > 6, the Sudetic Marginal Fault can produce peak ground acceleration values high enough to break speleothems. The other plausible seismic sources are faults in the Upper Nysa Kłodzka Graben located to the east and the Trzebieszowice‐Biela Fault. Although there are sparse historical data that would allow estimating linked seismic hazards, the <8 km distance between the cave and faults should suffice to destroy the speleothems. Niedźwiedzia Cave shielded environmental earthquake effects from erosion. This study shows the advantage of employing speleoseismology in moderate seismic regions, where earthquake effects are rarely preserved in the geological record.

中文翻译：

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受损的鞘突和塌陷的喀斯特洞室表明东北波西米亚断层块的古震性（波兰尼德维兹亚洞穴）

NiedźwiedziaCave（波兰NE Bohemian Massif）的多相蛇鞘病和通道塌陷采用U系列方法确定日期，揭示了五个事件：（1）320–306 ka，（2）253–236 ka，（3）162-158 ka，（4）132–135 ka和（5）> 21 ka。事件1、3和4受到严格约束，事件2和5不确定。尽管我们不能明确地排除其他因素（霜冻或重力塌陷），但最有可能引发洞穴破坏的是地震，地震的时机（破坏发生在寒冷和温暖的季节，与气候条件无关）和变形方式（损坏天花板和墙壁以及通道地板）。我们应用了地面运动模型来确定可能的震源大小，这很可能是Sudetic边缘断裂-中欧最明显的构造构造之一。距边缘不到20 km且有记录的M> 6地震，Sudetic Marginal Fault可以产生地面加速度峰值，该峰值足够高，可以破坏蛇鞘。其他可能的地震源是位于东部的NysaKłodzkaGraben上层的断层和Trzebieszowice-Biela断层。尽管有稀疏的历史数据可以估算相关的地震危险，但洞穴与断层之间的距离小于8 km足以摧毁蛇麻岩。Niedźwiedzia洞保护了环境地震免受侵蚀的影响。这项研究显示了在中等地震地区采用骨震学的优势，在地震记录中很少保留地震影响。