Coseismic landslides are a major hazard associated with large earthquakes in mountainous regions. Despite growing evidence for their widespread impacts and persistence, current understanding of the evolution of landsliding over time after large earthquakes, the hazard that these landslides pose, and their role in the mountain sediment cascade remains limited. To address this, we present the first systematic multi‐temporal landslide inventory to span the full rupture area of a large continental earthquake across the pre‐, co‐ and post‐seismic periods. We focus on the 3.5 years after the 2015 M_w 7.8 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal and show that throughout this period both the number and area of mapped landslides have remained higher than on the day of the earthquake itself. We document systematic upslope and northward shifts in the density of landsliding through time. Areas where landslides have persisted tend to cluster in space, but those areas that have returned to pre‐earthquake conditions are more dispersed. While both pre‐ and coseismic landslide locations tend to persist within mapped post‐earthquake inventories, a wider population of newly activated but spatially dispersed landslides has developed after the earthquake. This is particularly important for post‐earthquake recovery plans that are typically based on hazard assessments conducted immediately after the earthquake and thus do not consider the evolving landslide hazard. We show that recovery back to pre‐earthquake landsliding rates is fundamentally dependent on how that recovery is defined and measured. Clarity around this definition is particularly important for informing a comprehensive approach to post‐earthquake landslide hazard and risk.

中文翻译：

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尼泊尔2015年Mw 7.8地震后，地震和地震后滑坡的演变

同震滑坡是与山区大地震有关的主要危险。尽管有越来越多的证据表明它们的广泛影响和持久性，但对于大地震后滑坡随时间的演变，这些滑坡带来的危险以及它们在山体沉积物级联中的作用的当前了解仍然有限。为了解决这个问题，我们提出了第一个系统的多时间滑坡清单，该清单涵盖了震前，震中和震后时期大大陆地震的整个破裂区域。我们专注于3.5年，2015年中号后_W¯¯7.8尼泊尔的戈尔卡地震，表明在此期间，绘制的滑坡的数量和面积都比地震发生之日高。我们记录了随着时间推移滑坡密度的系统性上坡和北移。滑坡持续存在的区域倾向于在空间上聚集，但是那些已经恢复到地震前状态的区域则更加分散。虽然地震前和同震的滑坡位置都倾向于在地震后的地震图内保持不变，但地震后却出现了更多的新活化但空间分散的滑坡。对于地震后恢复计划而言，这一点尤其重要，该计划通常基于地震后立即进行的危害评估，因此不考虑不断演变的滑坡危害。我们表明，恢复到地震前滑坡率的恢复从根本上取决于恢复的定义和衡量方式。明确此定义对于为地震后滑坡灾害和风险提供一种综合方法尤为重要。