Most, if not all, aspects of carcinogenesis are influenced by the tumor microenvironment (TME), a complex architecture of cells, matrix components, soluble signals, and their dynamic interactions in the context of physical traits of the tissue. Expanding application of technologies for high‐dimensional analyses with single‐cell resolution has begun to decipher the contributions of the immune system to cancer progression and its implications for therapy. In this review, we will discuss the multifaceted roles of tumor‐associated macrophages and neutrophils, focusing on factors that subvert tissue immune homeostasis and offer therapeutic opportunities for TME reprogramming. By performing a critical analysis of available datasets, we elaborate on diversification mechanisms and unifying principles of myeloid cell heterogeneity in human tumors.

中文翻译：

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癌症中髓样细胞多样性的决定因素、机制和功能结果

大多数（如果不是全部）致癌作用都受到肿瘤微环境 (TME)、复杂的细胞结构、基质成分、可溶性信号以及它们在组织物理特征背景下的动态相互作用的影响。具有单细胞分辨率的高维分析技术的扩展应用已经开始破译免疫系统对癌症进展的贡献及其对治疗的影响。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论肿瘤相关巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞的多方面作用，重点关注破坏组织免疫稳态并为 TME 重编程提供治疗机会的因素。通过对可用数据集进行批判性分析，我们详细阐述了人类肿瘤中髓样细胞异质性的多样化机制和统一原则。