Nature visitation is important, both culturally and economically. Given the contribution of nature recreation to multiple societal goals, comprehending determinants of nature visitation is essential to understand the drivers associated with the popularity of nature areas, for example, to inform land-use planning or site management strategies to maximise benefits. Understanding the factors related to nature, tourism and recreation can support the management of nature areas and thereby, also conservation efforts and biodiversity protection. This study applied a Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) to quantify the spatially varying influence of different factors associated with nature visitation in Europe and North America.

Results indicated that some explanatory variables were stationary for all sites (age 15 to 65, population density (within 25 km), GDP, area, built-up areas, plateaus, and mountains). In contrast, others exhibited significant spatial non-stationarity (locally variable): needle-leaf trees (conifers), trails, travel time, roads, and Red List birds and amphibians. Needle-leaf trees and travel time were found to be negatively significant in Europe. Roads were found to have a significant positive effect in North America. Trails and Red List bird species were found to have a positive effect in both North America and North Europe, with a greater effect in Europe. Red List amphibians was the only spatially variable predictor to have both a positive and negative impact, with selected sites in North America and northern Europe being positive, whereas Iceland and central and southern Europe were negative. The scale of the response-predictor relationship (bandwidth) of these locally variable predictors was smallest for Red List amphibians at 1033 km, with all other spatially variable predictors between 9558 and 12,285 km.

The study demonstrates the contribution that MGWR, a spatially explicit model, can make to support a deeper understanding of processes associated with nature visitation in different geographic contexts.

无论是在文化上还是在经济上，参观自然都很重要。考虑到自然娱乐对多个社会目标的贡献，理解自然游览的决定因素对于理解与自然地区受欢迎程度相关的驱动因素至关重要，例如，告知土地使用规划或场地管理策略以最大程度地提高收益。了解与自然，旅游和休闲相关的因素可以支持自然地区的管理，从而也可以支持自然保护工作和生物多样性保护。这项研究应用了多尺度地理加权回归（MGWR）来量化欧洲和北美与自然游览相关的不同因素在空间上的影响。

结果表明，所有地点（15至65岁，人口密度（25公里以内），GDP，面积，建成区，高原和山区）的某些解释变量都是固定的。相反，其他一些则表现出明显的空间非平稳性（局部变量）：针叶树（针叶树），小径，旅行时间，道路以及红色名录鸟类和两栖动物。在欧洲，针叶树和旅行时间被发现具有负面影响。人们发现，道路在北美具有显着的积极作用。发现足迹和红色名录鸟类对北美和北欧都有积极影响，在欧洲影响更大。“红色名录”两栖动物是唯一同时具有正面和负面影响的空间变量预测因子，在北美和北欧的某些地点是阳性的，而冰岛以及中欧和南欧则是负面的。对于Red List两栖动物，这些局部变量预测变量的响应预测变量关系（带宽）的规模最小，为1033 km，所有其他空间变量预测变量的范围在9558至12285 km之间。

该研究证明了空间显性模型MGWR可以做出的贡献，以支持更深入地了解与不同地理环境中的自然探访相关的过程。