This study investigates the error processing components in the EEG signal of Performers and Observers using an auditory lexical decision task, in which participants heard spoken items and decided for each item if it was a real word or not. Pairs of participants were tested in both the role of the Performer and the Observer. In the literature, an Error Related Negativity-Error Positivity complex has been identified for performed (ERN-Pe) and observed (oERN-oPe) errors. While these effects have been widely studied for performance errors in speeded decision tasks relying on visual input, relatively little is known about the performance monitoring signatures in observed language processing based on auditory input. In the lexical decision task, native Dutch speakers listened to real Dutch Words, Non-Words, and crucially, long Pseudowords that resembled words until the final syllable and were shown to be error-prone in a pilot study, because they were responded to too soon. We hypothesised that the errors in the task would result in a response locked ERN-Pe pattern both for the Performer and for the Observer. Our hypothesis regarding the ERN was not supported, however a Pe-like effect, as well as a P300 were present. Analyses to disentangle lexical and error processing similarly indicated a P300 for errors, and the results furthermore pointed to differences between responses before and after word offset. The findings are interpreted as marking attention during error processing during auditory word recognition.

本研究使用听觉词汇决策任务调查表演者和观察者的 EEG 信号中的错误处理组件，其中参与者听到口语项目并决定每个项目是否是真实单词。成对的参与者在表演者和观察者的角色中都进行了测试。在文献中，已经为执行（ERN-Pe）和观察到的（oERN-oPe）错误确定了错误相关的负-错误正性复合体。虽然这些影响已被广泛研究用于依赖视觉输入的快速决策任务中的性能错误，但对于基于听觉输入的观察语言处理中的性能监控签名知之甚少。在词汇决策任务中，以荷兰语为母语的人会听真正的荷兰语单词、非单词，至关重要的是，长长的伪词，直到最后一个音节都与单词相似，并且在试点研究中被证明容易出错，因为它们反应得太快了。我们假设任务中的错误会导致执行者和观察者的响应锁定 ERN-Pe 模式。我们关于 ERN 的假设没有得到支持，但是存在类似 Pe 的效应以及 P300。解开词汇和错误处理的分析同样表明错误的 P300，结果进一步指出了词偏移之前和之后的响应之间的差异。这些发现被解释为在听觉单词识别过程中的错误处理过程中标记注意力。我们假设任务中的错误会导致执行者和观察者的响应锁定 ERN-Pe 模式。我们关于 ERN 的假设没有得到支持，但是存在类似 Pe 的效应以及 P300。解开词汇和错误处理的分析同样表明错误的 P300，结果进一步指出了词偏移之前和之后的响应之间的差异。这些发现被解释为在听觉单词识别过程中的错误处理过程中标记注意力。我们假设任务中的错误会导致执行者和观察者的响应锁定 ERN-Pe 模式。我们关于 ERN 的假设没有得到支持，但是存在类似 Pe 的效应以及 P300。解开词汇和错误处理的分析同样表明错误的 P300，结果进一步指出了词偏移之前和之后的响应之间的差异。这些发现被解释为在听觉单词识别过程中的错误处理过程中标记注意力。结果进一步指出了词偏移前后的反应之间的差异。这些发现被解释为在听觉单词识别过程中的错误处理过程中标记注意力。结果进一步指出了词偏移前后的反应之间的差异。这些发现被解释为在听觉单词识别过程中的错误处理过程中标记注意力。