The field of ageing research has been rapidly advancing in recent decades and it had provided insight into the complexity of ageing phenomenon. However, as the organism-environment interaction appears to significantly affect the organismal pace of ageing, the systematic approach for gerontogenic risk assessment of environmental factors has yet to be established. This puts demand on development of effective biomarker of ageing, as a relevant tool to quantify effects of gerontogenic exposures, contingent on multidisciplinary research approach.

Here we review the current knowledge regarding the main endogenous gerontogenic pathways involved in acceleration of ageing through environmental exposures. These include inflammatory and oxidative stress-triggered processes, dysregulation of maintenance of cellular anabolism and catabolism and loss of protein homeostasis. The most effective biomarkers showing specificity and relevancy to ageing phenotypes are summarized, as well. The crucial part of this review was dedicated to the comprehensive overview of environmental gerontogens including various types of radiation, certain types of pesticides, heavy metals, drugs and addictive substances, unhealthy dietary patterns, and sedentary life as well as psychosocial stress. The reported effects in vitro and in vivo of both recognized and potential gerontogens are described with respect to the up-to-date knowledge in geroscience. Finally, hormetic and ageing decelerating effects of environmental factors are briefly discussed, as well.

近几十年来，衰老研究领域迅速发展，它为衰老现象的复杂性提供了见识。但是，由于生物体与环境的相互作用似乎会显着影响生物体的衰老速度，因此尚未建立用于环境因素的成年遗传风险评估的系统方法。这就要求开发有效的衰老生物标志物，作为量化老年遗传学暴露影响的相关工具，这取决于多学科研究方法。

在这里，我们回顾了有关通过环境暴露加速衰老的主要内源性生殖道途径的当前知识。这些包括炎症和氧化应激触发的过程，细胞合成代谢和分解代谢维持的失调以及蛋白质稳态的丧失。还总结了显示对衰老表型具有特异性和相关性的最有效的生物标志物。这篇综述的关键部分是对环境中的老年激素的全面概述，包括各种类型的辐射，某些类型的农药，重金属，药物和成瘾性物质，不健康的饮食习惯，久坐的生活以及社会心理压力。所报告的效果的体外和体内关于老年科学的最新知识描述了公认的和潜在的老年生殖器。最后，还简要讨论了环境因素的抑制和衰老的影响。