Dysbiosis has been implemented in the etiologies of obesity-related chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, NAFLD and cardiovascular diseases. Bile acids, a class of amphipathic steroids produced in the liver and extensively modified by the microbiome, are increasingly recognized as actors in onset and progression of these diseases. Indeed, human obesity is associated with altered bile acid metabolism. Bile acids facilitate intestinal fat absorption but also exert hormone-like functions through activation of nuclear and membrane-bound receptors and thereby modulate glucose, lipid and energy metabolism, intestinal integrity and immunity. Bile acid-signaling pathways have thus been identified as potential pharmacological targets for obesity-related diseases. Interfering with microbiome composition may also be considered, as liver- and microbiome-derived bile acid species have different signaling functions. This review summarizes recent developments in this rapidly expanding field of research and addresses potential clinical prospects of interference with bile acid signaling pathways in human diseases.

生态失调已在与肥胖相关的慢性疾病（如 2 型糖尿病、NAFLD 和心血管疾病）的病因学中实施。胆汁酸是一类在肝脏中产生并被微生物组广泛修饰的两亲性类固醇，越来越多地被认为是这些疾病发生和发展的参与者。事实上，人类肥胖与胆汁酸代谢改变有关。胆汁酸促进肠道脂肪吸收，但也通过激活核和膜结合受体发挥激素样功能，从而调节葡萄糖、脂质和能量代谢、肠道完整性和免疫力。因此，胆汁酸信号通路已被确定为肥胖相关疾病的潜在药理学靶点。也可以考虑干扰微生物组的组成，因为肝脏和微生物组来源的胆汁酸种类具有不同的信号功能。本综述总结了这一快速发展的研究领域的最新进展，并探讨了干扰人类疾病中胆汁酸信号通路的潜在临床前景。