Farm and crop diversification is an important farm business strategy from the viewpoint of avoiding uncertain crop failures and loss of income, intensive cultivation of a single crop such as rice and wheat, indiscriminate use of chemical inputs and ensuring farm sustainability. However, the question remains whether farm diversification helps farmers reduce the extent of input use and cost with an improvement in farm income and welfare. Therefore, the present study aimed at examining the impact of crop diversification under the paddy-dominated farming system in India using national level farm household data pertaining to the year 2012–2013. We used propensity score matching technique for estimating the actual impact of crop diversification on the farm income and input use pattern. The study results show that crop diversification has significantly increased yield of paddy, farm income and reduced cost on labour, machinery and irrigation under paddy-dominated cropping system.

从避免不确定的作物歉收和收入损失，大米和小麦等单一作物的集约种植，不加选择地使用化学投入物和确保农场可持续性的角度来看，农场和作物多样化是一项重要的农场经营策略。然而，问题仍然在于，农场的多样化是否有助于农民通过增加农场的收入和福利来减少投入的使用和成本。因此，本研究旨在利用2012-2013年间国家一级的农户数据，研究印度以稻谷为主的耕作制度下作物多样化的影响。我们使用倾向得分匹配技术来估计作物多样化对农场收入和投入使用模式的实际影响。