Nanotechnology is a new field in the pesticide industry. Nanopesticides represent an emerging technological tool that offers a range of benefits including increased efficacy, durability, and reduction in the amounts of used active ingredients. However, due to the lack of studies on the toxicity and the sublethal effects on pests and natural enemies, the extent of action and fate of these nanopesticdes is still not fully understood limitting thus their wide use. In this study, we encapsulated the pirimicarb insecticide using nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) and investigated the toxicity and sublethal effects (LC₂₅) of the resulting nanocapsules against the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and its natural enemy the green lacewings Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Nanoencapsulation of pirimicarb enhanced 12.6-fold its toxicity to cabbage aphids compared to its commercial formulation. Furthermore, analysis of the age-stage, two-sex life table showed that negative effects on the B. brassicae aphid population growth were observed on F0 and F1 generations when aphids of parental (F0) generation were exposed to subelethal dose (LC₂₅) of both formulations of pirimicarb. However, negative effects from sublethal exposure to the commercial and nanoformulated pirimicarb resulted in significant reduction on the net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of natural increase, and finite rate of increase of the green lacewings C. carnea. Our findings indicate that the approaches and assumptions used to assess the risks of conventional insecticides may not apply for nanopesticides. Further research is still needed to better understand the environmental impact of these compounds.

纳米技术是农药行业的一个新领域。纳米农药代表了一种新兴的技术工具，可提供一系列好处，包括提高功效，耐用性和减少所用活性成分的量。但是，由于缺乏对有害生物和天敌的毒性和亚致死作用的研究，这些纳米农药的作用范围和命运尚不完全清楚，因此限制了它们的广泛应用。在这项研究中，我们使用纳米结构脂质载体（NLC）封装了吡虫威杀虫剂，并研究了所得纳米胶囊对白菜蚜虫，Brevicoryne Brasicae（Linnaeus）（半翅目：蚜虫）的毒性和亚致死作用（LC ₂₅）。绿色的草lace金合ry（Stephens）（夜蛾：金合科）。与市售制剂相比，吡虫威的纳米囊封对白菜蚜的毒性提高了12.6倍。此外，对年龄，两性寿命表的分析表明，当亲本（F0）的蚜虫暴露于亚剂量（LC ₂₅）时，在F0和F1代中观察到了对芸苔小菜蚜虫种群增长的负面影响。吡虫威的两种配方。然而，亚致死性暴露于商业和纳米级吡虫威的负面影响导致净繁殖率，内在自然增长率和有限增长率的显着降低。绿色的角car角衣。我们的发现表明，用于评估常规杀虫剂风险的方法和假设可能不适用于纳米农药。为了更好地理解这些化合物对环境的影响，仍需要进一步的研究。