Military service is acknowledged as one of many elements voters use to evaluate candidates, but it has primarily been studied as a univariate element of a candidate’s biography. This project experimentally manipulates veteran status, gender, and partisanship as potentially interactive heuristics for evaluation of a hypothetical candidate specifically regarding military issues. We found an almost universal benefit enjoyed by veterans over civilians regardless of whether the candidate was a member of the participant’s partisan ingroup or outgroup. We also found little evidence of a gender penalty, and even a benefit for women candidates who were veterans, though this benefit was restricted to evaluations from Republican women. We also found that Democratic respondents assigned a penalty to outgroup veteran men candidates. We explain these nuanced findings in the context of moderation by gender mis/alignment between participant and candidate. Implications of the study are offered.

中文翻译：

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哪个群，什么时候？性别、党派、退伍军人身份和评估者身份对候选人评估的影响

兵役被认为是选民用来评估候选人的众多要素之一，但它主要作为候选人传记的单变量要素进行研究。该项目实验性地操纵退伍军人身份、性别和党派关系，作为潜在的交互式启发式方法，用于评估专门针对军事问题的假设候选人。我们发现，无论候选人是参与者的党派内团体成员还是外团体成员，退伍军人都比平民享有几乎普遍的好处。我们还发现几乎没有性别惩罚的证据，甚至对退伍军人的女性候选人也有好处，尽管这种好处仅限于共和党女性的评估。我们还发现，民主党受访者对外群退伍军人候选人进行了处罚。我们通过参与者和候选人之间的性别错误/一致性在适度的背景下解释这些细微的发现。提供了研究的意义。