Courts applying the persona torts – right of publicity, appropriation and false endorsement claims under the Lanham Act – often lack a precise methodology for determining whether a plaintiff has been depicted or identified. A number of courts have accepted the ambiguous notion that a defendant need only appropriate a plaintiff’s “identity.” Moreover, these courts apply an essentially impressionistic approach to whether that appropriation has occurred. This article, drawing from defamation doctrine, synthesizes a more nuanced and rigorous approach to the depiction question – an approach that also better safeguards important First Amendment values.

中文翻译：

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“人格侵权”中的原告身份识别：诽谤法可以提供公开权和相关主张

施加性格侵权行为的法院（《兰纳姆法》规定的公开权，专有权和虚假背书要求）通常缺乏确定原告是否已被描绘或识别的精确方法。许多法院已经接受了模糊的观念，即被告只需要适当地证明原告的“身份”即可。此外，这些法院对拨款是否发生采用了本质上印象派的方法。本文从诽谤学说的角度出发，对描写问题进行了更为细微和严格的综合，该方法还可以更好地维护重要的《第一修正案》价值。