The 1919 First Amendment opinions of Oliver Wendell Holmes and Louis Brandeis comprise the seminal texts in the cannon that now includes hundreds of decisions by the Supreme Court of the United States interpreting the core of the American free speech tradition. The marketplace of ideas metaphor they developed has been invoked constantly by Supreme Court justices in First Amendment cases. It has achieved genuine load-bearing legal significance, particularly in certain arenas of free speech law, and over-arching significance in rendering the entire architecture of modern free speech law reasonably coherent and stable. This essay explores the importance of the marketplace metaphor in three discrete areas of modern free speech law: commercial speech, political campaign finance, and tort liability. While by no means the only arenas in which the marketplace metaphor has exerted important influence, these three exemplars are especially illuminating, exposing at once the strengths and weaknesses of the marketplace metaphor as a persuasive tool for ordering free speech doctrines. The essay then examines the marketplace metaphor from a wide-angle lens, making the argument that it operates to define two of the central continental divides of modern free speech law. The essay goes a long way toward providing a descriptively clear and normatively convincing account of free speech law as it currently stands.

中文翻译：

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《第一修正案》中“思想市场”的含义

奥利弗·温德尔·福尔摩斯（Oliver Wendell Holmes）和路易·布兰代斯（Louis Brandeis）在1919年的第一修正案意见中包含了大炮中的开创性文字，现在包括美国最高法院作出的数百项解释美国言论自由传统核心的决定。最高法院大法官在《第一修正案》中不断援引它们发展出的思想隐喻市场。它已经达到了真正的承重法律意义，尤其是在言论自由法的某些领域，并且在使现代言论自由法的整个体系结构合理连贯和稳定方面具有首要意义。本文探讨了市场隐喻在现代言论自由法的三个独立领域中的重要性：商业言论，政治竞选财务和侵权责任。虽然绝不是市场隐喻在其中发挥重要影响的唯一领域，但这三个范例尤其具有启发性，一次暴露了市场隐喻的优势和劣势，可以说是说服言论自由学说的有说服力的工具。然后，本文从一个广角的角度研究了市场隐喻，提出了它的作用是定义现代自由言语法的两个中部大陆鸿沟。这篇文章在为言论自由法提供目前描述性的清晰而规范的说服力方面有很长的路要走。然后，本文从一个广角的角度研究了市场隐喻，提出了它的作用是定义现代自由言语法的两个中部大陆鸿沟。这篇文章在为言论自由法提供目前描述性的清晰而规范的说服力方面有很长的路要走。然后，本文从一个广角的角度研究了市场隐喻，提出了它的作用是定义现代自由言语法的两个中部大陆鸿沟。这篇文章在为言论自由法提供目前描述性的清晰而规范的说服力方面有很长的路要走。