National-anthem-related protests among NFL players have revealed complexities associated with symbolic counter-speech tied to American symbols of patriotism. For public-college officials and coaches, who are bound by the First Amendment, the handling of game-time anthem protests may reverberate beyond the court of public opinion. Because uniformed collegiate student-athletes occupy a constitutional limbo-land in which they are distinguishable both from members of the general adult population and their non-athlete student peers, the traditional framework for evaluating limits on their game-time political counter-speech may prove unwieldy. This article presents an alternative constitutional-analytical approach that contemplates the unique status of collegiate student-athletes and the nature of competitive teams. Within this potential framework, administrator-imposed limits on anthem protests would be reviewed strictly. Courts considering coach-imposed limits on anthem protests, however, might opt for a less rigid form of review that allows for a more direct balancing of interests.

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公立大学的学生运动员和比赛时间的国歌抗议：是否需要宪法分析性听觉？

NFL球员中与国歌有关的抗议活动揭示了与美国爱国主义象征相关的象征性反言语相关的复杂性。对于受《第一修正案》约束的公立大学官员和教练来说，比赛时国歌抗议的处理可能会在公众舆论之外产生反响。因为身穿制服的大学学生运动员占据宪法的边缘地带，在这方面他们与普通成年人群和非运动员学生同龄人都可以区分开，所以评估比赛时间政治反言语限制的传统框架可能证明笨重。本文提出了一种替代性的宪法分析方法，该方法考虑了大学学生运动员的独特地位和竞争团队的性质。在这个潜在的框架内，管理员对国歌抗议施加的限制将受到严格审查。然而，考虑到教练对国歌抗议施加限制的法院可能会选择较不严格的审查形式，以实现利益的更直接平衡。