Welcome to Part 2 of Volume 11 of Childhood in the Past, the journal of the Society for the Study of Childhood in the Past (SSCIP). This issue includes four research papers and three book reviews. The volume commences with a paper by Mélie Le Roy, Stéphane Rottier and Anne-Marie Tillier that asks: ‘Who was a “Child” During the Neolithic in France?’. The study focuses on juvenile remains recovered from Neolithic (5700–2100 BC) tombs and investigates funerary practices, age distribution and burial location to determine the place of children within the different cultural groups of the Early, Middle and Later Neolithic in both northern and southern France. Young children seem to be under-represented across the entire Neolithic throughout France and ethnographic data is called upon to help explain this phenomenon. Four different forms of age selection are identified in relation to the juveniles contained within collective burials. The paper of Emma Harper discusses the contribution that artefacts recorded by the Portable Antiquities Scheme, which encourages the voluntary recording of archaeological objects in England andWales, can make to discussions of later mediaeval childhood. The study focuses on objects that have been identified as toys, and particularly those described as figures or dolls. Drawing upon evidence derived from theoretical discussions of past childhood, archaeological excavations and contemporary written and artistic accounts, she argues that the various characteristics of the dolls are suggestive of both the imposition of behaviours upon children by adults but also the direct agency of children. While contemporary documentary sources have a tendency to yield information about the play items of children from elite families, the material record has the advantage of providing a more balanced perspective since objects used for play among the lower classes of society have also been discovered. Olga Boitsova and Ekaterina Orekh investigate the significance of colour in children’s clothing in relation to the Soviet ideology of childhood in Russia. Their analysis focuses on data contained within twentieth-century Soviet advice books, brochures and thematic articles in fashion magazines, as well as postcards and illustrations from school books. They discuss how the colours evident in children’s clothing can be linked to a history of ideas, particularly in relation to issues such as gender. Their evidence suggests that children were viewed in a genderneutral, asexual manner in Soviet Russia, a perspective that did not change until the 1980s when genderization of clothing images was first observed. Up until this point official discourse on children’s clothes was unanimous and light colours, including pink, were considered markers of childhood for both boys and girls. In his paper, Ian Waites uses a selection of photographs taken in the early 1970s of children on a post-World War Two British council estate in Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, as a means of understanding the nature of life for these children. Having grown up on the Middlefield Lane estate included in the paper, Waites provides a poignant first-hand review of how the planning and layout of the estate was intended to function as a crucial influence on the development of the children who lived there. He suggests that children were often included in the photographs to promote a sense of well-being and community within these estates that were considered one of the cornerstones of post-war social reconstruction in Britain.

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社论

欢迎阅读过去童年研究协会 (SSCIP) 的期刊《过去的童年》第 11 卷第 2 部分。本期包括四篇研究论文和三篇书评。该卷以 Mélie Le Roy、Stéphane Rottier 和 Anne-Marie Tillier 的一篇论文开头，该论文问：“法国新石器时代谁是“孩子”？该研究的重点是从新石器时代（公元前 5700-2100 年）墓葬中发现的少年遗骸，并调查丧葬习俗、年龄分布和埋葬地点，以确定儿童在北部和南部新石器时代早期、中期和晚期不同文化群体中的位置法国。在整个法国的整个新石器时代，幼儿似乎都没有得到充分代表，因此需要人种学数据来帮助解释这种现象。与集体墓葬中的少年有关，确定了四种不同的年龄选择形式。艾玛·哈珀 (Emma Harper) 的论文讨论了便携式古物计划 (Portable Antiquities Scheme) 记录的手工艺品可以对后期中世纪童年的讨论做出的贡献，该计划鼓励自愿记录英格兰和威尔士的考古物品。该研究侧重于已被确定为玩具的物体，尤其是那些被描述为人物或玩偶的物体。根据从过去童年的理论讨论、考古发掘以及当代书面和艺术记录中得出的证据，她认为娃娃的各种特征既暗示了成年人对儿童的行为，也暗示了儿童的直接行为。虽然当代文献资料倾向于提供有关精英家庭儿童游戏物品的信息，但材料记录的优势在于提供了更平衡的视角，因为也发现了社会下层阶级用于游戏的物品。Olga Boitsova 和 Ekaterina Orekh 研究了儿童服装颜色与俄罗斯儿童苏联意识形态之间的关系。他们的分析侧重于 20 世纪苏联建议书、小册子和时尚杂志中的专题文章，以及学校教科书中的明信片和插图中包含的数据。他们讨论了儿童服装中明显的颜色如何与思想史联系起来，特别是与性别等问题相关的问题。他们的证据表明，在苏维埃俄罗斯，儿童被以中性、无性的方式看待，这种观点直到 1980 年代首次观察到服装图像的性别化时才发生变化。到目前为止，官方对童装的讨论是一致的，浅色，包括粉红色，被认为是男孩和女孩童年的标志。在他的论文中，伊恩·韦茨 (Ian Waites) 使用了 1970 年代初期在林肯郡盖恩斯伯勒 (Gainsborough, Lincolnshire) 的二战后英国议会庄园拍摄的一系列儿童照片，以此来了解这些儿童的生活本质。在论文中提到的米德菲尔德巷庄园长大，Waites 对庄园的规划和布局如何对居住在那里的儿童的发展产生重要影响提供了深刻的第一手评论。他建议照片中经常包含儿童，以促进这些庄园内的幸福感和社区感，这些庄园被认为是英国战后社会重建的基石之一。