ABSTRACT The first half of the twentieth century brought turbulent changes into the political and social scene of Hungary. Within a few decades the country shifted from being a partner in the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, to the short-lived Hungarian – and later Soviet – Republic and ultimately to the independent Kingdom of Hungary. These changes strongly affected the ideologies of all fields of life, including landscape architectural and educational theory and practice. This paper discusses evolving Hungarian ideas about designing places for children in the international context of education, by following the changing concepts of play spaces, from designing for physical education and health, to the idea of training soldiers for an approaching war. By tracing the intricate links between these and the history of Hungary in the early twentieth century, the paper argues that the interwoven nature of design theory and the socio-political context of children’s spaces is key in understanding their development.

中文翻译：

---

从社会空间到训练场：20世纪上半叶匈牙利儿童公共领域设计理论的演变

摘要 20 世纪上半叶给匈牙利的政治和社会舞台带来了动荡的变化。在几十年内，该国从奥匈帝国的合作伙伴转变为短命的匈牙利——后来是苏维埃——共和国，并最终成为独立的匈牙利王国。这些变化强烈影响了所有生活领域的意识形态，包括景观建筑和教育理论与实践。本文通过遵循不断变化的游戏空间概念，从体育和健康设计，到为即将到来的战争训练士兵的想法，讨论了匈牙利在国际教育背景下为儿童设计场所的不断发展的想法。通过追溯这些与 20 世纪初匈牙利历史之间错综复杂的联系，