ABSTRACT There are many references to reading, and some to writing, in Shakespeare’s plays; a list is provided in an Appendix. They are analysed for what they reveal about the social status of literacy in Shakespeare’s day, and the references to reading are analysed further according to oral v. silent reading, and whether characters have company on stage, or are (or believe themselves to be) alone. Only a few characters are depicted as illiterate, sometimes for comic effect, more often for purposes of the plot. All persons of rank, and most others, are depicted as literate. It seems that in Shakespeare’s time, even among the highly educated, the practice of oral reading for varied purposes, even when alone, was still alive. One effect was, serendipitously, to give Shakespeare the freedom to manipulate reading practices plausibly, and brilliantly, for his own purposes.

中文翻译：

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“你在读什么，我的主？” 莎士比亚戏剧中的口头和默读

摘要 在莎士比亚的戏剧中，有很多提到阅读，有些提到写作。附录中提供了一个列表。分析它们揭示了莎士比亚时代识字的社会地位，并根据口头与默读，以及角色是否在舞台上有伴，或是否（或相信自己）对阅读的引用进行了进一步分析独自的。只有少数角色被描绘成文盲，有时是为了喜剧效果，更多是为了情节的目的。所有有等级的人，以及大多数其他人，都被描述为识字。似乎在莎士比亚的时代，即使在受过高等教育的人中，出于各种目的进行口语阅读的做法，即使是独自一人，仍然存在。一个效果是，偶然地，让莎士比亚可以自由地以合理而出色的方式操纵阅读实践，