ABSTRACT In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the transformation of the German Jews’ appearance was often defined in terms of Europeanization and modernization, whereas the so-called Polish Jews were reproached for clinging to their outdated ‘Oriental’ caftans, beards, and head coverings. Inner-Jewish differences were moulded in the terms of a simultaneity of the non-simultaneous, as Polish Jews were stylized into anachronistic, semi-Oriental figures by their German peers. The paper retraces the genesis of this pattern of thought and analyses its functions. Bringing together a disparate range of textual and pictorial evidence, it asks how and why the spatial-temporal divide of West/Present and East/Past came to be established in late-eighteenth-century debates about Jewish Emancipation and in what ways it helped Christians and Jews alike to stylize the European Enlightenment into a civilizing mission which had to be enforced by means of a ‘Western’ body regime. In sum, it argues that the body politics which helped organize the sociocultural changes of Jewish life around 1800 were premised on modern Orientalism and on modern concepts of history, including emphatic notions of progress and perfectibility.

中文翻译：

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东方主义身体政治。1800 年左右德国和波兰犹太人之间的媒体接触

摘要 18 世纪末 19 世纪初，德国犹太人外貌的转变往往被定义为欧洲化和现代化，而所谓的波兰犹太人则因坚持他们过时的“东方”长衫、胡须和头巾。在非同时性的同时性方面塑造了内部犹太人的差异，因为波兰犹太人被他们的德国同龄人风格化为不合时宜的半东方人物。本文追溯了这种思维模式的起源并分析了其功能。汇集了各种不同的文字和图片证据，它询问西方/现在和东方/过去的时空鸿沟是如何以及为什么在 18 世纪后期关于犹太人解放的辩论中建立的，以及它如何帮助基督徒和犹太人将欧洲启蒙运动风格化为文明必须通过“西方”机构制度来执行的使命。总之，它认为，在 1800 年左右帮助组织犹太人生活的社会文化变化的身体政治是以现代东方主义和现代历史概念为前提的，包括强调进步和完美的概念。