ABSTRACT This study investigates oasis expansion in the precolonial period and agricultural evolution in the colonial period using village-level statistics from the early twentieth century. This survey illustrates that the Kokand oasis in the Ferghana Valley initially appeared in the central part, where the Sart population settled by the seventeenth century. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the Uzbek and Karakalpak tribes migrated to the valley peripheries, while the Kyrgyz semi-nomads settled in the alluvial fan. It is not surprising that such a migratory process created a mosaic-like ethnic distribution. Furthermore, this study suggests that the pattern coincided with a variety of agricultural practices, and presents two contrasting models of cotton monoculture under the Russian Empire. The main area occupied by the Sarts presents a general model of canal-irrigated cotton planting in Central Asia, while the Karakalpaks’ cotton planting using groundwater in the periphery suggests multiple courses of nomad sedentarization.

中文翻译：

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俄罗斯帝国时期浩罕绿洲的人口和农业发展：游牧移民和棉花单一栽培

摘要 本研究使用 20 世纪初的村庄级统计数据，调查了前殖民时期的绿洲扩张和殖民时期的农业演变。这项调查说明，费尔干纳山谷的浩罕绿洲最初出现在中部，17 世纪萨特人就在那里定居。18、19世纪，乌兹别克和卡拉卡尔帕克部落迁徙到山谷外围，而吉尔吉斯半游牧民族则定居在冲积扇中。这样的迁徙过程造成了马赛克般的种族分布，这并不奇怪。此外，这项研究表明，这种模式与各种农业实践相吻合，并呈现出俄罗斯帝国时期棉花单一种植的两种截然不同的模式。